LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond
Location
![]() | ![]() 50 Years - 1974-2024 LaRue - Pine Hills Ecological Area - National Natural Landmark |
Ecological and Physical Description
The LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond RNA is the most diverse area in Illinois with 14 natural communities, eight of which are of high to very high quality a large area. The RNA is well buffered with relatively undisturbed natural community types, outstanding geological features, and many rare plants and animals. There are four candidate Regional Forester's Sensitive species, 23 Shawnee National Forest Listed Species, and 29 Shawnee National Forest Listed animals recorded from the area. There are 37 Illinois rare, Threatened, or Endangered plant and animal species in the area. Furthermore, the area contains more plant species than any other site of comparable size and is considered to be one of the most outstanding natural areas in the Midwest . The Federally Endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) and American bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are observed here. Candidate Regional Forester's Sensitive species known in the area are Price's groundnut (Apios priceana), Arkansas manna grass (Glyceria arkansana), pale manna grass (Puccinellia pallida), and giant sedge (Carex gigantea). The entire Illinois population of woodrat (Neotoma floridana) is found here.
Annual precipitation averages 46 inches (116 cm), 54% of which falls between April and September. Average seasonal snowfall is 13 inches (33 cm).
Climatological information is taken from the collection station at Anna, IL, which is located 10 miles (16.1 km) southeast of the RNA.
Siliceous limestone of the Devonian Bailey formation forms the high cliffs of Pine Hills. Also present is chert from the Grassy Knob formation, which forms some of the lookouts on the cliffs. Pleistocene-age loess mantles the ridge crest. Sediments in the LaRue wetland have not been examined. Soils in the bottomlands are of the Karnak-Darwin-Jacob association and are clayey, alluvial sediments. Upland soils are Goss-Alford cherty silt-loam on the surface with a cherty, clayey subsoil.
At the base of Pine Hills bluff, several springs occur at the floodplain level. The source of these springs may be from sinkholes in the Hutchins Creek area. These springs contain a healthy spring cavefish population. The LaRue wetland is characterized by the winding form characteristic of horseshoe lakes. The swamp represents the meandering course of the Big Muddy River before it was intersected by the Grand Tower bend of the Mississippi River. Several man-made structures modify the waterflow in the area.
Flora and Fauna
Common Plant Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Category | At Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amelanchier arborea | Downy serviceberry | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Rhododendron prinophyllum | rosebud-azalea | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Vaccinium arboreum | farkleberry | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Asimina triloba | pawpaw | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Lindera benzoin | spicebush | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Hydrangea arborescens | American hydrangea | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Carpinus caroliniana | hornbeam | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Cornus florida | flowering dogwood | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Sassafras albidum | sassafras | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Cephalantus occidentalis | buttonbush | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Itea virginica | Virginia willow | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Salix nigra | black willow | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Smilax sp. | Greenbrier | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Antennaria plantaginifolia | pussytoes | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Cunila origanoides | dittany | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Parthernocissus quinquefolia | Virginia-creeper | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Toxicodendron radicans | common poison ivy | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Polystichum acrostichoides | Christmas-fern | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Heuchera parviflora | small-flowered alum-root | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Solidago drummondii | ozark-goldenrod | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Peltandra virginica | tuckahoe | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Saururus cernuus | lizard’s tail | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Ceratophyllum demersum | coontail | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Sorghastrum nutans | Indian grass | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Phlox bifida | sand phlox | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Kuhnia eupatorioides | false boneset | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Dalea candida | white prairie clover | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Iris fulva | copper iris | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Schizachyrium scoparium | little bluestem | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Bouteloua curtipendula | side-oats gramma-grass | Common Herbaceous Species |
Common Animal Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Category | At Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blarina brevicauda | Shrew | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Cryptotis parva | least shrew | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Myotis sodalis | Indiana bat | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Lasionycteris noctivagans | bat | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Sylvilagus aquaticus | swamp rabbit | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Sciurus niger | fox squirrel | Common Mammal Species | ||
| S. carolinensis | gray squirrel | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Ochrotomys nuttallii | golden mouse | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Neotoma floridana | woodrat | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Vulpes sp | fox | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Urocyon cinereoargenteus | gray fox | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Mustela vison | American mink | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Odocoileus virginianus | white-tailed deer | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Felis rufus | bobcat | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Aix sponsa | wood duck | Common Bird Species | ||
| Buteo lineatus | red-shouldered hawk | Common Bird Species | ||
| Dryocopus pileatus | pileated woodpecker | Common Bird Species | ||
| Meleagris gallopavo | common turkey | Common Bird Species | ||
| Haliaeetus leucocephalus) | American bald eagle | Common Bird Species |

