Effects of fuels reduction treatments on the soil temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at Manitou Experimental Forest

Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.

Originator: Massman, W.J.

Publication_Date: 2007

Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station

Other_Citation_Details:

doi:10.2737/RDS-2007-0002

Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2007-0002

Description:

Abstract:: From 2001 to 2006 data were collected to measure the effects of different fuels reduction treatments on the soils of the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado. The data includes profiles of temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at different depths in the soil and a horizontal transect surface radiation . Fuels reduction treatments included slash-piles, broadcast/lop-and-scatter areas, chipped areas, and control areas. The slash-piles and several broadcast/lop-and-scatter areas were burned. The different treatments and measurements were distributed among six pseudo-replicate plots.
Purpose:: At the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, several large areas were mechanically thinned as part of ongoing research. The slash that remained after thinning was used to create different fuels reduction treatments, which included slash-piles, broadcast/lop-and-scatter areas, and chipped areas. The slash-piles and several broadcast/lop-and-scatter areas were burned. The purpose of this experiment was measure the effects of these fuels reduction treatments on the underlying soil.
Supplemental_Information:: Original metadata date was 03/16/2007. Metadata modified 07/03/2008 to include the UTM coordinates for each Rep. Metadata modified on 02/07/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05/03/2013 when this data product became available through the R&D Data Archive.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20010329
Ending_Date: 20060906

Currentness_Reference:

observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

The Manitou Experimental Forest (MEF) is located in the central Rocky Mountains approximately 45 kilometers west of Colorado Springs, Colorado. The latitude and longitude of MEF are 39.098100 degrees north and -105.092822 degrees west with an elevation of about 2400 meters above sea level. The over-story vegetation at MEF is primarily ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Most soils at MEF were derived from biotite granite and associated igneous rocks of the Pikes Peak batholith. Annual precipitation at MEF is approximately 400 millimeters and the annual mean ambient temperature is about 5 Celcius. Reps 1, 5, and 6 are located near each other in the southeast of MEF on a west facing ridge. Reps 2, 3, and 4 are located in the west of MEF on a slightly east facing ridge. See Methodology section for actual locations of each Rep.

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.13000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.02
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.16
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.07
Bounding_Altitudes:

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: controlled burn
Theme_Keyword: soil temperature
Theme_Keyword: soil heat-flux
Theme_Keyword: soil water content
Theme_Keyword: soil CO2
Theme_Keyword: surface radiation
Theme_Keyword: slash-pile
Theme_Keyword: broadcast
Theme_Keyword: lop-and-scatter
Theme_Keyword: chipping
Theme_Keyword: EFR
Theme_Keyword: Manitou Experimental Forest

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Soil
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire suppression, pre-suppression
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Techniques

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: Manitou Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: Rocky Mountains

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: soil
Stratum_Keyword: soil surface

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

These data were collected by USDA Forest Service researchers and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the citation below when citing the data product:

Frank, J.M.; Massman, W.J. 2007. Effects of fuels reduction treatments on the soil temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at Manitou Experimental Forest. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2007-0002

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Bill Massman
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station

Contact_Position: Meterologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 970-498-1296

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: \Supplements\Photographs\year-julday-Repx\year-julday-#photographerno-description.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:: Photographs (900) taken during the Fire Experiment:

year = year photograph was taken
julday = julian day photograph was taken
x = rep number
photographer = name of photographer
no = photograph number
description = short description of photograph
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Data_Set_Credit:

Shepperd, W.; Platten, M.; Mata, S.; Asherin, L.; Oakes, R. and the Pike National Forest Fire Crew

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Original files are Microsoft Excel 2002 spreadsheets. Final file formats are comma-delimited ASCII text files.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.

Originator: Frank, J.M.

Originator: Shepperd, W.D.

Originator: Platten, M.J.

Publication_Date: 2003

Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings

Series_Information:

Series_Name: USDA Forest Service Proceedings
Issue_Identification: RMRS-P-29:69-87

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: USDA Forest Service

Other_Citation_Details:

Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: Conference proceedings; April 16-18, 2002.
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/pubs/rmrs_p029/rmrs_p029_069_088.pdf

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.
Originator: Frank, J.M.
Originator: Shepperd, W.D.
Originator: Platten, M.J.
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Other_Citation_Details:: Second International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress and Fifth Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology. AMS, Boston.
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.
Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Other_Citation_Details:: 26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. AMS, Boston.
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.

Originator: Frank, J.M.

Publication_Date: 2004

Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article

Series_Information:

Series_Name: International Journal of Wildland Fire
Issue_Identification: 13

Other_Citation_Details:

pp. 427-442
doi:10.1071/WF04018

Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/29774

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.
Originator: Frank, J.M.
Originator: Jimenez Esquilin, A.E.
Originator: Stromberger, M.E.
Originator: Shepperd, W.D.
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Other_Citation_Details:: 27th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. AMS, Boston.
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.
Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Other_Citation_Details:: 27th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. AMS, Boston.
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Originator: Massman, W.J.
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentation
Other_Citation_Details:: 3rd International Fire Ecology and Management Congress, San Diego, CA. Poster
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Originator: Massman, W.J.
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentation
Other_Citation_Details:: Manitou Experimental Forest 70th Anniversary Open House, Manitou Experimental Forest, CO. Poster
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: video
Other_Citation_Details:: Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration; April 16-18; Fort Collins, CO.
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman, W.J.
Originator: Frank, J.M.
Originator: Shepperd, W.D.
Originator: Platten, M.J.
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentation
Other_Citation_Details:: Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration; April 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO. Poster
AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:: AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:: AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:: AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:: AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Frank, J.M.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:: AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA PRODUCT DOWNLOAD

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Massman W.J.

Originator: Frank, J.M.

Originator: Reisch, N.B.

Publication_Date: 2008

Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article

Series_Information:

Series_Name: International Journal of Wildland Fire
Issue_Identification: 17

Other_Citation_Details:

pp. 131-146
doi:10.1071/WF06118

Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/29772

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:: Note, all measurements are in SI (International System) units unless indicated. All units are abbreviated as Celcius (C), seconds (s), meters (m), kilograms (kg), liters (L), liters-per-minute (LPM), watts (W), volts (V), and amp-hours (Ah). All units adhere to the SI convention of scaling factors abbreviated as micro (u), mili (m), centi (c), and kilo (k). All other units are derived from these standards. CO2 concentrations are in parts-per-million (ppm). All times are mountain standard time (MST) or mountain daylight time (MDT). Other abbreviations are carbon-dioxide (CO2), outside diameter (O.D.), and inside diameter (I.D.).

Temperature - First, the accuracy of thermocouple measurements was limited by errors in the reference temperature (typically < 0.3 C), the thermocouple voltage (1 C or 0.75% for type T, 2.2 C or 0.75% for types J and K), the thermocouple voltage measurement (0.05% of full-scale voltage; normally 0.1 C for all types, or 0.7 C for type K and 0.2 C for type J during the burns), and the calibration polynomial error (<0.4 C for all measurements, typically < 0.05 C). With these combined the error in accuracy was typically less than 1.5 C (type T) or 2.7 C (type J or K) and at most 6 C during the burns. Second, the accuracy of soil temperature measurements was limited by error from soil to sensor contact. This was difficult to quantify, but fortunately the sensors were in the ground long enough for the soil to settle and maximize contact. Finally, the accuracy of surface temperature measurements was limited by errors caused by solar radiant-heating of thermocouples. This was difficult to quantify, and unfortunately all surface temperature measurements should be used with caution.

Heat-flux - First, the accuracy of heat-flux transducer measurements was limited by sensor errors of 7% for the REBS sensors and 13% for the Thermonetics transducers (measured by the USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA). The accuracy of soil heat-flux measurements was limited by errors from soil to sensor contact, soil thermal conductivity differences between the soil and sensor (the Philip correction), and orientation of the sensor in the soil. Second, soil to sensor contact was probably poor after installation, but improved as the soil settled. An example can be found in the data from rep 3 under the 2 inch chips three weeks after installation when rain-forced settling caused dramatic changes in the heat-flux measurements. In this example poor contact caused an error of 40%. Third, the Philip correction wasn't easily estimable considering it required knowledge of soil thermal conductivity, which was estimated from soil density and water content. The water content was not measured in reps 1, 5, and 6, which required an educated guess. The data set contains both uncorrected and Philip-corrected heat-fluxes. The Philip-correction was usually less than 10%. Fourth, the error due to tilting due to installation or settling was difficult to quantify. All sensors were checked for tilt error during excavation, and the only problem detected was at rep 2 on the slash-pile edge where the sensors were disturbed by 30 and 45 degrees when the slash-pile was amended. At this time the 10 cm was also cracked.

Water Content - First, the accuracy of TDR water-content measurements was limited by instrument errors of 0.01 m3m-3 (no worse than 0.02 m3m-3 for any probe) and a precision of 0.003 m3m-3 (measured during pre and post experiments calibrations of the four high-temperature TDR probes and four randomly selected Campbell Scientific TDR probes using prepared Manitou soil). Second, errors caused by electrical problems occurred in two probes (both at rep 2 under the slash-pile at 15 cm) that were shown to yield either reliable and poor-resolution waveforms or completely-useless waveforms. These errors were mitigated with the median-filter despiker, which restored the accuracy of the water-content measurement, although the precision was still poor. Finally, there were potential errors caused during the slash-pile burn due to heating the TDR probes. The accuracy of TDR probes at high temperature is not known and should be tested.

Soil CO2 - First, the accuracy of CO2 measurements was limited by analyzer errors of 2% (LI-800) and 6% (LI-820), although the errors were usually less than 2%. The precision of the CO2 measurements with the analyzers set to 0 s signal averaging was 0.5% (specifically rated for 1 s signal averaging, but also confirmed from the data). Second, the analyzers were calibrated with gas tanks (Certified Master Class, Scott Specialty Gases) which were specified to less than 2% error, but usually have an error less than 1% (from lab testing). Third, there were errors due to drifts in the internal calibrations of the analyzers. This was checked and corrected during monthly site visits. The error due to drifting was typically 2.5% with a maximum of 10%. Note, no attempt was made to correct the data for calibration drifts. Finally, data was measured using the analyzer voltage-output which was susceptible to ground loop errors. These errors were estimated to be less than 25 ppm. In summary, the accuracy of the soil CO2 measurements was limited primarily by calibration errors that were typically 2.5% and not more than 10%. The precision was 0.5%.

There were two other errors possible with the CO2 measurement. First, it was possible that the processing algorithm could select the wrong 1 s sample as the soil CO2 measurement. This error was hard to quantify, but in most cases the sample that was chosen would have been pulled directly from the soil and not from the disk. This would be incorrect, but of a similar value to the correct measurement. Second, it was possible that some data were measured while the tubes were frozen. Care was taken to match the data to the field observations for frozen tubes, but it was not perfect. Because of this, some winter measurements may be incorrect.

Surface Radiation - First, the accuracy of surface-radiation heat-flux transducers were limited by sensor errors of 3%. Second there were maximum voltage measurement errors from 0.0029 to 0.0045 mV depending on the sensor. Unfortunately, because of the sensitivity of the sensors this corresponded to maximum measurement errors from 67 to 130 Wm-2. Typically, these errors were 40 Wm-2. Finally, there were errors associated with dirt and ash build-up on the domes of the sensors. This was difficult to quantify, but these errors were mitigated during site visits when the domes were cleaned.

Depth - Perhaps the greatest limitation for accuracy for all measurements was the error in with respect to the depth that the sensors were buried. First, all sensors were properly installed within an error of 1 cm. All sensor locations were inspected during excavation. The only major problem detected was at rep 2 on the slash-pile edge where two thermocouples were disturbed (one by 1-2 cm, the other by 4-5 cm) when the slash-pile was amended. Second, the depth of the ground cover was variable over the duration of the experiment, which increased the relative depth of each sensor from the surface boundary. Ground cover changed due to erosion, vegetation, fuel amendment, fuel burning, ash accumulation and ash erosion. Fortunately, most of these changes were considered part of the treatment. Finally, the impact of the error in depth was most important near the surface. This was because the relative error was very large, plus many soil properties were most variable near the surface. Therefore, all near surface measurements should be used with caution.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) checks and corrections were done to the data in multiple steps. The data was broken into two sets: the 2001-2002 data ( reps 1, 5, and 6) and the 2003-2006 data (reps 2, 3, and 4). Each step was referred to as a version.

QA/QC of the 2001-2002 Data (Reps 1, 5 and 6)

Version 1.1 - All raw data were combined into two files: one for rep 1 and another for reps 5 and 6. Missing times were filled in with a missing value indicator. Minor sensor adjustments were done at this time: changing the sign for sensors wired in backwards and deleting data from obviously failing sensors.

Version 1.2 - First, all 0.25 s temperature measurements (from the 15 s data) were noisy due to problems with the fast sampling rate. This was corrected by removing bad data by using a median-filter despiker (see "Manitou-Reps1,5,and6-2001to2002-QAQC Version 1.2.pdf" for details). The 15 s data was then averaged into 30 minute data. This 30 minute data was used to complete the more extensive 30 minute data files. Next, the data was given a final cleaning. This was done by inspecting the standard deviations, removing unreasonable measurements, inspecting the averages, and removing any remaining unreasonable measurements. Next, all diagnostic data were removed and the data was organized. Descriptive titles and units were appended to the beginning of all files. Finally, the calibrations for all Thermonetics heat-flux measurements were adjusted from pre-experiment calibrations (valid at 538 C) to post-experiment calibrations (valid between 20 and 200 C), which gave more reasonable values.

Version 1.3 - All heat-flux measurements were adjusted for the Philip correction (see "Manitou-Reps1,5,and6-2001to2002-QAQC Version 1.3.pdf" for details). New data fields were created in the data for the Philip corrected heat-flux while the uncorrected heat-flux was retained.

Version 1.4 - Where obvious, all small gaps in the data were linearly filled (e.g., this was done in the 15 s data where values rarely changed over several minutes). Finally, all data were limited to an appropriate number of significant digits.

Version 2.0 - Data was considered ready for release at this point.

QA/QC of the 2003-2006 Data (Reps 2, 3, and 4)

Version 1.0 - All raw data were parsed into common files by measurement type and datalogger. Next the data was corrected for numerous issues categorized as system errors, sensor errors, water content processing, and CO2 processing.

System Errors - Unfortunately, because of the high power-consumption of the experiment it was common for the power supply to fail and cause system errors. This was most common during snow storms when the solar panels were covered and the power-supply batteries could not charge. There were several system errors that were corrected in the data: removal of some or all of the data when the voltage was too low, removal of all temperature data when the datalogger reference temperature was unstable, and restoration of the measurement time when the datalogger clock was in error (this was done by comparing the panel temperature of the datalogger with the clock error to the panel temperature a nearby datalogger with a correct clock). In some situations the clock errors were too confounding and the data was removed, In other situations the data was too unreliable and removed. Known mistakes between MDT and MST were adjusted. Duplicate measurement times due to resetting the datalogger clock were also fixed.

Sensor Errors - As with many experiments, there were problems that took time to figure out and fix. Most of these were solved within the first year. These problems were solved and when possible the data was corrected to reflect what the correct measurement should have been. These were: changing thermocouple calibrations between type J and T; switching data, calibrations, and/or signs between sensors that were wired incorrectly; removing data from sensors that were either wired or measured incorrectly and were not recoverable; correcting heat-flux measurements with estimable ground loop offsets; removing data from sensors with ground loop noise; and changing Thermonetics heat-flux calibrations to be functions of temperature, fixing those calibrations when the temperatures were in error, and fixing those calibrations when the datalogger was programmed to give the wrong value. Other problems occurred when disaster struck. This included removing data from: failing sensors, sensors dug up by gophers, sensors pulled out of the ground by animals, instruments whose wires were chewed by porcupines, CO2 tubes that were frozen, and a failed LI-820 DAC. Some sensors were lost for good from wire that was chewed by gophers or CO2 tubes that were clogged by ants.

Water Content Processing - Soil water content was processed differently from the other sensors. This was because measurements were made using TDR, and during the experiment every TDR sensor at times yielded poor waveforms and bad measurements. A couple of sensors were on the verge of failure for much of the experiment due to structural problems. Therefore, each TDR sensor was processed using an algorithm based on a median-filter despiker. In summary, the 5 minute measurements were despiked, the data was averaged every 30 minutes, the 30 minute averages were despiked, and the final data was gap filled (see "Manitou-Reps2and3-2003to2006-QAQC Version 1.0 - WaterContentProcessing.pdf" for details). After processing, some corrections were made: restoring the data when the despiking algorithm significantly altered good water content measurements (usually when there were sharp transitions caused by heavy rainfall or the slash-pile burn), restoring the data when the despiker removed too much data, removing gap filled data when the filled value appeared as a new glitch.

CO2 Processing - Soil CO2 was processed differently from the other sensors, as well. A computer algorithm was developed to assign the soil CO2 measurement from the set of 30 s CO2 data from each tube for every half-hour. The algorithm selected the measurement that most likely corresponded to the gas that had equilibrated inside of the disk before sampling (see "Manitou-Reps2and3-2003to2006-QAQC Version 1.0 - CO2Processing.pdf" for details). After processing, data was removed when the CO2 measurement appeared unreasonable. Data was also removed when the internal filter of the analyzer was set to 20 s, as this rendered the 30 s sampling undecipherable.

Version 1.1 - After initial QAQC, all version 1.0 data was grouped together and plotted for final inspection.

Version 1.2 - All fast-sampled data was averaged into 10 minute data. This 10 minute data was used to complete the more extensive 10 minute data files. All missing times in the 10 minute and 30 minute data were filled with missing data.

Version 1.3 - All necessary fast-sampled data were stored in separate files (e.g., data from the slash-pile burn, not data from anticipated broadcast/lop-and-scatter burns). All missing times were filled with missing data incatators. Unnecessary measurements were removed (e.g., during the slash-pile burn all corresponding fast-sampled broadcast/lop-and-scatter measurements were removed). Next, all diagnostic data were removed from all data files. All 10 minute temperature and heat-flux data from reps 2 and 3 were combined and organized. Descriptive titles and units were appended to the beginning of all files.

Version 1.4 - The calibrations for all Thermonetics heat-flux measurements were adjusted from pre-experiment calibrations (valid at 538 C) to post-experiment calibrations (valid between 20 and 300 C), which gave more reasonable values. A final sensor error was correct for the slash-pile edge where two temperature sensors were switched because their relative location in the ground had been reversed when the slash-pile was amended. Finally, all 10 minute data was averaged into 30 minute data. The 10 minute data was no longer used.

Version 1.5 - All 30 minute rep 2 and 3 data were combined (excluding surface radiation).

Version 1.6 - All heat-flux measurements were adjusted for the Philip correction (see "Manitou-Reps2,3and4-2003to2006-QAQC Version 1.6.pdf" for details). New fields were created in the data for the Philip corrected heat-flux while the uncorrected heat-flux was retained.

Version 1.7 - The four high-temperature TDR probes used under the slash-pile were post-experiment recalibrated. The two probes under slash-pile center were noticeably deformed and revealed slight calibration changes. Therefore the water content under the slash-pile center was corrected from the time of the slash-pile burn until the end of the experiment. The Philip corrected heat-flux in the slash-pile center was also updated.

Version 1.8 - Where obvious, all small gaps in the data were linearly filled (e.g., this was done in the 1 minute data where values rarely changed over several minutes). Finally, all data were limited to an appropriate number of significant digits.

Version 2.0 - Data were considered ready for release at this point.

Completeness_Report:

Gaps in the data set for individual measurements are due to sensor or instrument malfunction (e.g., frozen tubes for CO2 sampling, a bad connection in the TDR needles for water content, heat-flux transducer wires chewed apart by gophers, etc.). Gaps in all measurements indicate periods where the entire measurement system was not operating correctly (e.g., loss of power due to snow on the solar panels). The files contain records for the entire period of measurement; where data were missing, a value of '.' was inserted.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:: Detailed information about each Rep is available below. The location of each Rep is provided in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates, which were measured with the datum NAD27. These UTM coordinates were then converted to longitude and latitude in decimal degrees.

Rep 1:
Northing (UTM) = 4326966
Easting (UTM) = 0492672
Zone: 13
Elevation (meters) = 2435
Longitude (decimal degrees) = -105.0852794
Latitude (decimal degrees) = 39.0936564

In rep 1 there was 1 treatment amended with a slash-pile. Soil temperature was measured underneath the slash-pile at one location in the center at 2, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 136 cm. Soil heat-flux was measured at the same location at 5, 10, 30, 50, and 136 cm (there was a duplicate at 10 cm). Temperatures were measured with thermocouples: type K (high-temperature glass-braid insulated, Omega Engineering, Sanford, CT) at 2 and 5 cm, type J (Teflon insulated, Omega Engineering) at 10 cm, and type T (PVC insulated, Omega Engineering) for all others. All thermocouples were welded and covered with epoxy (Omegabond 101, Omega Engineering). Heat-flux was measured at 5, 10, and 30 cm with custom high-temperature heat-flux transducers (Thermonetics, La Jolla, CA). Heat flux was measured at 10, 50, and 136 cm with HFT3 sensors (Radiation and Energy Balance Systems, Bellevue, WA). All sensors were measured and recorded with a 23X datalogger (Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT). Measurements were made every 1 s and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 30 minutes; except during the slash-pile burn when measurements were made every 0.25 s and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 15 s. Power was supplied to the datalogger by a 10 W solar panel. The temperature and voltage of the datalogger were also recorded. The datalogger was housed in a NEMA 4X enclosure that was on the ground.

The rep was located on a gentle west facing slope. The datalogger was located 30 m west from the center of the slash-pile. All sensor wires were buried in a 15 cm deep trench that extended from the datalogger through the middle of the slash-pile area. The slash-pile was conical in shape and approximately 9 m in diameter and 6 m in height. The fuel loading of the slash-pile was 250-300 kgm-2.

Sensors were installed on 12 October 2001 (day 285). The slash-pile was amended on 18 October 2001 (day 291). The slash-pile was ignited at 1219 MST on 11 January 2002 (day 11). The burn was photographed and video taped. Sensors were turned off on 22 March 2002 (day 81) and removed on 8 April 2004 (day 98).

Rep 2:
Northing (UTM) = 4329272
Easting (UTM) = 0491105
Zone: 13
Elevation (meters) = 2362
Longitude (decimal degrees) = -105.1034303
Latitude (decimal degrees) = 39.1144217

In rep 2 there were 3 treatments (slash-pile, broadcast/lop-and-scatter, and control). Each treatment was broken into two subsamples called 1 and 2 (except the slash-pile which was the center and the edge). Soil temperature was measured under each treatment at subsample 1 (or center) at 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm. Soil temperature was measured under each treatment at subsample 2 (or edge) at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 cm. Soil heat-flux was measured under each treatment at subsample 1 (or center) at 2, 10, and 20 cm (except the control, which had additional sensors at 5 and 15 cm). Soil heat-flux was measured under each treatment at subsample 2 (or edge) at 2 and 10 cm. Soil water content was measured under all treatments and subsamples at 5 and 15 cm. Soil CO2 was measured under all treatments and subsamples at 5 and 15 cm. Surface radiation was measured near the slash-pile at distances of 1.0, 3.5, 6.0, 8.5, 11.0, and 13.5 m from the edge.

All soil temperatures were measured with thermocouples (Omega Engineering). Type K were used under the slash-pile at 0, 2, 5, and 10 cm and under the broadcast/lop-and-scatter at 0 and 2 cm. Type J were used under the slash-pile at 15 cm and under the broadcast/lop-and-scatter at 5 cm (subsample 1 only). Note, glass-braid insulated type J thermocouples were originally installed under the slash-pile at 10 cm and the broadcast/lop-and-scatter at 2 cm, but they performed poorly and were replaced on 2 October 2003 (day 275). Type T were used for all others (Teflon insulated under the slash-pile and PVC insulated under everything else). All thermocouples were welded and covered with epoxy (Omegabond 200 for type K and Omegabond 101 for the others). Heat-flux was measured with Thermonetics heat-flux transducers for all depths under the slash-pile and at 2 cm under the broadcast/lop-and-scatter. All other heat-flux measurements were made with REBS sensors. Soil water content was measured using time-domain reflectometry, TDR, with a TDR100 and SDMX50SP multiplexer (Campbell Scientific). Custom high-temperature TDR probes were used under the slash-pile (Zostrich Geotechnical, Ellensburg, WA). CS610 TDR probes (Campbell Scientific) were used for all other measurements.

Soil CO2 was measured in each location by pulling a sample from a hollow, permeable disk (1.1 cm thick by 5.1 cm radius) buried in the soil, through tubing (0.95 cm O.D., 0.64 cm I.D., Dekoron, Saint-Gobain Plastics) to the center of the rep, through a solenoid manifold (Skinner valve, model 71215SN2MN00N0, Parker, New Britain, CT), through a filter (A98/11-BQ-2, Balston, Haverhill, MA), and through a pump (MPU 1046-N815, KNF Neuberger, Trenton, NJ) at approximately 6 liters per minute. A small amount of gas was diverted between the filter and the pump; it was pulled through an infrared gas-analyzer (LI-820, Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE) and a pump (MPU 1185 NMP08, KNF Neuberger) at approximately 0.5 LPM. Two tanks of calibration gas (zero air and approximately 8000 ppm CO2 in air, Scott Specialty Gas, Plumsteadville, PA) were each connected through a solenoid, a vent, a needle valve (Swagelok, Solon, OH), and another solenoid to input of the filter. Note, all other tubing was 0.64 cm O.D., 0.32 cm I.D., Bev-A-Line (Thermoplastic Processes, Stirling, NJ). Also, the first 0.5 to 0.6 m of tubing under the slash-pile was not Dekoron, it was 0.95 cm O.D., 0.64 cm I.D. stainless steel.

Surface radiation was measured with water cooled heat-flux transducers (Model 64-30SB-20-2MgO/ZnSeW-1C-150, Medtherm, Huntsville, AL). The range of wavelengths was 0.5 to 22 um (useful), or 0.7 to 17 um (flat). Each transducer was cooled during the burn with water pumped from a 0.7 liter reservoir with a 0.5 lpm pump. The pump was enclosed and buried along with the reservoir. All connections were made with stainless steel tubing. The transducers were cleaned with isopropyl alcohol during site visits.

All sensors were measured and recorded with three 23X dataloggers (Campbell Scientific). All soil temperatures under the slash-pile and broadcast/lop-and-scatter were connected to an AM25T multiplexer (Campbell Scientific). Soil temperature, heat-flux, and surface radiation measurements were made every 60 seconds and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 10 minutes. During the slash-pile burn (and also anticipated broadcast/lop-and-scatter burns) this was changed to measurements every 5 seconds and averages and standard deviations recorded every 1 minute. Soil water content was measured and recorded every five minutes, and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 30 minutes. Note, 5 minute measurements were not recorded until 12 March 2004 (day 72). Soil CO2 was measured every 30 minutes. Each tube was sampled for 30 seconds, one per minute, for the first 12 minutes of each half-hour. CO2 concentration was recorded every 1 second for the entire 30 seconds. The datalogger controlled a set of relays that turned on the solenoids and the pumps during CO2 sampling. The temperature and voltage of the dataloggers were also recorded. Power was supplied to the dataloggers by 10 W solar panels. Power for the other equipment as well as supplemental power for the datalogger controlling water content and CO2 measurements was supplied by two 80 W solar panels charging an 80 Ah deep-cycle marine battery. All equipment were housed in NEMA 4X enclosures and mounted on platforms 0.7 m above the ground.

The CO2 system was manually calibrated during most site visits. The response of the LI-820 (as read from the LI-820 computer display) to 0 and 8000 ppm was recorded. The instrument zero and span were internally set on the LI-820. The response to 0 and 8000 ppm after calibration was noted. All notes were recorded in the field book. The datalogger did perform an auto calibration from 0015 to 0019 MST every morning, this ware rarely used because it depleted the gas tanks too fast.

The rep was on a flat slope in an open meadow. The datalogger was located in the middle of all three treatments; control subsample 1 was 20 m east, control subsample 2 was 26 m east (and north of control subsample 1), the slash-pile was 27 m north-west (the edge location was south of the center of the pile), the broadcast/lop-and-scatter was 28 m south (subsample 2 was east of subsample 1). All sensor wires were buried in a 15 cm deep trench that extended from the datalogger to the various treatments. The trench under the slash-pile was 30 cm deep. The surface radiation transect was placed on the east side of the pile in a trench north of where the wires were buried. The slash-pile was elliptical in area with axes of 5.2 and 8.0 m with 6 m of height and had a fuel loading of 450-600 kgm-2. The broadcast/lop-and-scatter had an area of 200 m2 with a fuel loading of 4.7 kgm-2.

All sensors (except for surface radiation) were installed on 21 August 2003 (day 233, slash-pile edge) and 22 August 2003 (day 234, all other locations). The broadcast/lop-and-scatter was amended over the sensors on 18 February 2004 (day 49) and amendment was completed over the entire treatment area on 19 February 2004 (day 50). The slash-pile was amended on 18 March 2004 (Day 78). Surface radiation sensors were installed near the slash-pile on 2 April 2004 (day 93). The slash-pile was ignited and burned at 910 MST on 26 April 2004 (day 117). The burn was photographed. Surface radiation sensors near the slash-pile were turned off on 27 January 2005 (day 27) and removed on 5 May 2005 (day 125). The rest of the sensors were removed on 6 September 2006 (day 249).

Rep 3:
Northing (UTM) = 4328817
Easting (UTM) = 0491127
Zone: 13
Elevation (meters) = 2377
Longitude (decimal degrees) = -105.1031697
Latitude (decimal degrees) = 39.1103219

In rep 3 there were 3 treatments (4 inch chips, 2 inch chips, and control). Soil temperature was measured under each treatment at 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm. Soil heat-flux was measured under each treatment at 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. Soil water content and CO2 was measured under all treatments at 5 and 15 cm.

All soil temperatures were measured with thermocouples (Omega Engineering). Type K were used under both chip treatments at 0 and 2 cm. All others were type T (Teflon insulated under both chip treatments at 5 cm and PVC insulated under everything else). All thermocouples were welded and insulated with epoxy (Omegabond 200 for type K and Omegabond 101 for all the rest). Heat-flux was measured with Thermonetics heat-flux transducers for both chip treatments at 2 cm. All other heat-flux measurements were made with REBS sensors. Soil water content was measured using TDR, with a TDR100 and SDMX50SP multiplexer (Campbell Scientific). CS610 TDR probes (Campbell Scientific) were used for all other measurements. Soil CO2 was measured the same as rep2, except that a LI-800 (Li-Cor) was used.

All sensors were measured and recorded with one 23X datalogger (Campbell Scientific). All soil temperatures and the control heat-flux at 2 cm were measured with an AM25T multiplexer (Campbell Scientific). Soil temperature and heat-flux measurements were made every 5 seconds and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 10 minutes. During anticipated broadcast/lop-and-scatter burns this was changed so averages and standard deviations were recorded every 1 minute. Soil water content was measured and recorded every five minutes, and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 30 minutes. Note, 5 minute measurements were not recorded until 23 June 2004 (day 175). Soil CO2 was measured every 30 minutes. Each tube was sampled for 30 seconds, one per minute, for the first 6 minutes of each half-hour. CO2 concentration was recorded every 1 second for the entire 30 seconds. The datalogger controlled a set of relays that turned on the solenoids and the pumps during sampling. The temperature and voltage of the datalogger were also recorded. Power was supplied to the datalogger by a 10 W solar panel. Power for the other equipment as well as supplemental power for the datalogger was supplied by two 80 W solar panels charging an 80 Ah deep-cycle marine battery. All equipment were housed in NEMA 4X enclosures and mounted on platforms 0.7 m above the ground.

The CO2 system was calibrated the same as in rep 2.

The site was on a gentle east facing slope in an open forest. The datalogger was located in the middle of all three treatments; the control was 13 m north, the 4 inch chips were 21 m northwest, and the 2 inch chips were 21 m southeast. All sensor wires were buried in a 15 cm deep trench that extended from the datalogger to the various treatments.

Sensors were installed on 19 September 2003 (day 262). The chips were amended over the sensors on 12 March 2004 (day 72) and amendment was completed over the entire treatment area on 18 March 2004 (day 78). Sensors were turned off on 6 September 2006 (day 249) and removed on 7 September 2006 (day 250).

Rep 4:
Northing (UTM) = 4329854
Easting (UTM) = 0490651
Zone: 13
Elevation (meters) = 2390
Longitude (decimal degrees) = -105.1086897
Latitude (decimal degrees) = 39.1196617

In rep 4 there was 1 treatment amended with a slash-pile. Soil temperature was measured underneath the slash-pile at 8 subsample locations at 2, 5, and 10 cm. Soil temperature was also measured on a transect away from the slash-pile at distances of 1, 2, 3, and 4 m at depths of 2, 5, and 10 cm. All temperatures were measured with type K thermocouples (Omega Engineering) that were welded and covered with high-temperature epoxy (Omegabond 200, Omega Engineering). All sensors were measured and recorded on a Campbell Scientific 21X datalogger via an AM16 multiplexer (Campbell Scientific). Measurements were made every 1 minute and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 10 minutes; except during the slash-pile burn when measurements were made every 15 seconds and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 2 minutes. The temperature and voltage of the datalogger were also recorded. Power was supplied to the instruments by a 10 W solar panel. All instruments were housed in NEMA 4X enclosures that were on the ground.

The site was on a flat slope in an open forest . The datalogger was located 27 m west from the center of the slash-pile. All sensors were buried in a 15 cm deep trench that extended from the datalogger through the middle of the slash-pile area. The 8 subsample locations under the slash-pile were located along two transects parallel to the trench, located 0.9 m on either side. On each transect subsample locations were spaced 0.9 m apart. The subsample locations were labeled from east to west, from south transect to north transect, numbers 1 through 8 (note, there were only 4 subsamples at 10 cm at alternate locations 1, 3, 6, and 8, although they are listed in the data as subsamples 1 through 4). The transect was placed on the west side of the pile near the trench. The slash-pile had a radius of 5.4 m with of height of 3.8 m and a fuel loading of 500-600 kgm-2.

Sensors were installed on 2004 (day 247). The slash-pile was amended on the site on 9 September 2004 (day 253). The slash-pile was ignited and burned at 940 MST on 17 November 2004 (day 322). The burn was photographed. Sensors were removed on 2005 (day 244).

Rep 5:
Northing (UTM) = 4326920
Easting (UTM) = 0492467
Zone: 13
Elevation (meters) = 2424
Longitude (decimal degrees) = -105.0876494
Latitude (decimal degrees) = 39.0932400

In rep 5 there were 3 treatments amended with broadcast/lop-and-scatter fuels of high, medium, and low density fuels. Soil temperature was measured underneath each of the 3 treatments in one location at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 cm. Soil heat-flux was measured at the same locations at 2, 10, and 30 cm (30 cm was omitted in both low fuel treatments). All temperatures were measured with thermocouples: type K at 2 cm, type J at 5 cm, and type T for the others. All thermocouples were welded and covered with epoxy (Omegabond 101). All heat-fluxes were measured with REBS sensors. All sensors were measured with two 23X dataloggers (Campbell Scientific). Measurements were made every 1 second and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 30 minutes; except during the broadcast/lop-and-scatter burns when measurements were made every 0.25 seconds and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 15 seconds. The temperature and voltage of the dataloggers were also recorded. Power was supplied to the dataloggers by two 10 W solar panels. All instruments were housed in NEMA 4X enclosures that were on the ground.

The 3 treatments were located on south facing slope in a meadow site. The dataloggers were located north of the 3 treatments, 19 m from the high density fuel, 10 m from the medium fuel, and 19 m from the low density fuel. The treatments were side-by-side, from east to west they were arranged high, medium, then low. The sensors wires were buried in a series of trenches 15 cm deep. The area of each treatment averaged 70 m2. The sensors were located near the center of each area. The fuel loading of the high density was 6.9 kgm-2, medium density was 2.3 kgm-2, and low density was 0.9 kgm-2.

Sensors were installed on 29 March 2001 (day 88). The sites were amended with fuels on 5 April 2001 (Day 95). The fuels were burned on 9 November 2001 (day 313). The low density fuel was ignited at 1322 MST (reaching the sensors at 1324 MST), the medium density fuel was ignited at 1329 MST (reaching the sensors at 1329 MST), the high density fuel was ignited at 1348 MST (reaching the sensors at 1349 MST). The 3 burns were all photographed and video taped. Sensors were turned off on 22 March 2002 (day 81) and removed on 8 April 2004 (day 98).

Rep 6:
Northing (UTM) = 4326899
Easting (UTM) = 0492338
Zone = 13
Elevation (meters) = 2408
Longitude (decimal degrees) = -105.0891408
Latitude (decimal degrees) = 39.0930497

In rep 6 there were 3 treatments amended with broadcast/lop-and-scatter fuels of high, medium, and low density fuels. Soil temperature was measured underneath each of the 3 treatments in one location at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 cm. Soil heat-flux was measured at the same locations at 2, 10, and 30 cm (30 cm was omitted in both low fuel treatments). All temperatures were measured with thermocouples: type K at 2 cm, type J at 5 cm, and type T for the others. All thermocouples were welded and covered with epoxy (Omegabond 101). All heat-fluxes were measured with REBS sensors. All sensors were measured with two 23X dataloggers (Campbell Scientific). Measurements were made every 1 second and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 30 minutes; except during the broadcast/lop-and-scatter burns when measurements were made every 0.25 seconds and averages and standard deviations were recorded every 15 seconds. The temperature and voltage of the dataloggers were also recorded. Power was supplied to the dataloggers by two 10 W solar panels. All instruments were housed in NEMA 4X enclosures that were on the ground.

The 3 treatments were located on south facing slope in a forested site. The dataloggers were located south of the 3 treatments, 21 m from the high density fuel, 10 m from the medium fuel, and 18 m from the low density fuel. The treatments were side-by-side, from east to west they were arranged high, medium, then low. The sensors wires were buried in a series of trenches 15 cm deep. The area of each treatment averaged 110 m2. The sensors were located near the center of each area. The fuel loading of the high density was 3.2 kgm-2, medium density was 1.5 kgm-2, and low density was 0.1 kgm-2.

Sensors were installed on 29 March 2001 (day 88). The sites were amended with fuels on 5 April 2001 (Day 95). The fuels were burned on 9 November 2001 (day 313). The low density fuel was ignited at 1114 MST (reaching the sensors at 1130 MST), the medium density fuel was ignited at 1141 MST (reaching the sensors at 1158 MST), the high density fuel was ignited at 1210 MST (reaching the sensors at 1213 MST). The 3 burns were all photographed and video taped. Sensors were turned off on 22 March 2002 (day 81) and removed on 8 April 2004 (day 98).

Process_Step:

Process_Description:: From 2001 to 2002 the field site averaged a visit once a month. From 2003 to 2006 it averaged once every three weeks. On each visit the active reps were visually inspected: the data were downloaded, plotted, and inspected; datalogger clocks were synchronized against a standard; all CO2 tubes were noted if they were plugged or frozen; and the CO2 instruments were calibrated. Repairs to the reps were usually made immediately. Many site visits included other field work not described specifically in this data set (although soil samples that yielded empirical values for bulk density and thermal conductivity were used to correct the heat-flux data). From time to time inactive reps were visited and inspected. Photographs were taken of anything of interest. Data was taken back to the RMRS in Fort Collins, CO where it was QA/QC checked and corrected.

For more information see the Logical Consistency Report above.
Process_Date: Unknown

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:: Note, related data are listed on the same line with a common descriptor. Semicolons are used to separate data.

Manitou Rep 1 Datafiles Include:
Year;
JDay = Julian Day;
HourMin = Hour and Minute;
Seconds (Optional, included in 15sec File Only);
LinearDay = Julian Day + Fraction of Day;
Rep 1, Slash-Pile, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 30cm; 50cm; and 136cm;
Rep 1, Slash-Pile, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 5cm; 10cm; 10cm Duplicate; 30cm; 50cm; and 136cm;
Rep 1, Slash-Pile, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 5cm; 10cm; 10cm Duplicate; 30cm; 50cm; and 136cm;

Manitou Reps 2 and 3 Temperature, Heat Flux, Water Content, and CO2 Datafiles Include:
Year;
JDay = Julian Day;
HourMin = Hour and Minute;
LinearDay = Julian Day + Fraction of Day;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 1, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 2, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 1, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 2, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, Control, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 3, 4 Inch Chips, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 3, 2 Inch Chips, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 1, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 2, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 1, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 2, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 3, Control, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20cm;
Rep 3, 4 Inch Chips, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20cm;
Rep 3, 2 Inch Chips, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 1, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 2, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 1, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 2, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 3, Control, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20cm;
Rep 3, 4 Inch Chips, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20cm;
Rep 3, 2 Inch Chips, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 20cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 1, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 2, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 1, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 2, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, Control, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, 4 Inch Chips, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, 2 Inch Chips, Soil Water Content (m3m-3) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 1, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Control Subsample 2, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 1, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Broadcast/Lop-and-Scatter Subsample 2, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, Control, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, 4 Inch Chips, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;
Rep 3, 2 Inch Chips, Soil CO2 (ppm) at 5cm; and 15cm;

Manitou Rep 2 Temperature and Heat Flux Datafiles Include:
Year;
JDay = Julian Day;
HourMin = Hour and Minute;
LinearDay = Julian Day + Fraction of Day;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; 20 cm; and 50cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Temperature (C) at 0cm; 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; and 15cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Center, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 20 cm;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile Edge, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;

Manitou Rep 2 Surface Radiation Datafiles Include:
Year;
JDay = Julian Day;
HourMin = Hour and Minute;
LinearDay = Julian Day + Fraction of Day;
Rep 2, Slash-Pile, Surface Radiation (Wm-2) at 1m; 3.5m; 6m; 8.5m; 11m; and 13.5m away from the edge of the Slash-Pile;

Manitou Rep 4 Datafiles Include:
Year;
JDay = Julian Day;
HourMin = Hour and Minute;
LinearDay = Julian Day + Fraction of Day;
Rep 4, Slash-Pile , Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm, Subsample 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8;
Rep 4, Slash-Pile , Soil Temperature (C) at 5cm, Subsample 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8;
Rep 4, Slash-Pile , Soil Temperature (C) at 10cm, Subsample 1; 2; 3; and 4;
Rep 4, Slash-Pile , Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm, at 1m; 2m; 3m; and 4m away from the edge of the Slash-Pile;
Rep 4, Slash-Pile , Soil Temperature (C) at 5cm, at 1m; 2m; 3m; and 4m away from the edge of the Slash-Pile;
Rep 4, Slash-Pile , Soil Temperature (C) at 10cm, at 1m; and 2m away from the edge of the Slash-Pile;

Manitou Reps 5 and 6 Datafiles Include:
Year;
JDay = Julian Day;
HourMin = Hour and Minute;
Seconds (Optional, included in 15sec File Only);
LinearDay = Julian Day + Fraction of Day;
Rep 5, Meadow, High Density Fuel Loading, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 30cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, Medium Density Fuel Loading, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 30cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, Low Density Fuel Loading, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 30cm;
Rep 6, Forest, High Density Fuel Loading, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 30cm;
Rep 6, Forest, Medium Density Fuel Loading, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 30cm;
Rep 6, Forest, Low Density Fuel Loading, Soil Temperature (C) at 2cm; 5cm; 10cm; 15cm; and 30cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, High Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, Medium Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, Low Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 6, Forest, High Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 6, Forest, Medium Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 6, Forest, Low Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, High Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, Medium Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 5, Meadow, Low Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Rep 6, Forest, High Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 6, Forest, Medium Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; 10cm; and 30 cm;
Rep 6, Forest, Low Density Fuel Loading, Soil Heat-Flux with Philip Correction (Wm-2) at 2cm; and 10cm;
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:: None

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development

Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 1601 N. Kent Street, Room 400
City: Arlington
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 22209-2137
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-231-9234

Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of February 2013. For current information see Contat Us page on: http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/RDS.

Resource_Description: RDS-2007-0002

Distribution_Liability:

This metadata document has been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. The data are considered to satisfy the Rocky Mountain Research Station's quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, the Forest Service cannot assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the Forest Service for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the Forest Service of the issues. Additional information is available at https://www.fs.usda.gov/qoi.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: See Format Specification
Format_Specification:: Comma-delimited ASCII text file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with Winzip 14.0

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: http://www.fs.usda.gov/rds/archive

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: XLS
Format_Version_Date: 2002
Format_Specification:: Microsoft Excel
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with Winzip 14.0

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: http://www.fs.usda.gov/rds/archive

Fees: none

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20130503

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Person: Bill Massman

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 970-498-1296

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999