A hierarchical framework of aquatic ecological units in North America (Nearctic Zone).

James R. Maxwell; Clayton J. Edwards; Mark E. Jensen; Steven J. Paustian; Harry Parrott; Donley M. Hill

doi:10.2737/NC-GTR-176

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A hierarchical framework of aquatic ecological units in North America (Nearctic Zone).

Informally Refereed

Authors:

James R. Maxwell, Clayton J. Edwards, Mark E. Jensen, Steven J. Paustian, Harry Parrott, Donley M. Hill

Year:

1995

Type:

General Technical Report

Station:

Northern Research Station

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2737/NC-GTR-176

Source:

General Technical Report NC-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station

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Abstract

Proposes a framework for classifying and mapping aquatic systems at various scales using ecologically significant physical and biological criteria. Classification and mapping concepts follow tenets of hierarchical theory, pattern recognition, and driving variables. Criteria are provided for the hierarchical classification and mapping of aquatic ecological units of riverine, lacustrine, and ground-water systems within their geoclimatic and watershed settings. Some hydrogeomorphic criteria for classifying wetlands are also proposed.

Keywords

aquatic ecology, hierarchical classification, watershed, fish, mussels, streams, rivers, ground water, wetlands, lakes

Citation

Maxwell, James R.; Edwards, Clayton J.; Jensen, Mark E.; Paustian, Steven J.; Parrott, Harry; Hill, Donley M. 1995. A hierarchical framework of aquatic ecological units in North America (Nearctic Zone). General Technical Report NC-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station