Evaluation of several methods of applying sewage effluent to forested soils in the winter.

Alfred Ray Harris

Treesearch

Evaluation of several methods of applying sewage effluent to forested soils in the winter.

Informally Refereed

Authors:

Alfred Ray Harris

Year:

1978

Type:

Research Paper

Station:

Northern Research Station

Source:

Research Paper NC-162. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station

Download (PDF 1.45 MB)

Download (PDF 1.45 MB): https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/10683.pdf

Abstract

Surface application methods result in heat loss, deep soil frost, and surface ice accumulations; subsurface methods decrease heat loss and produce shallower frost. Distribution of effluent within the frozen soil is a function of surface application methods, piping due to macropores and biopores, and water movement due to temperature gradients. Nitrate is not renovated.

Keywords

soil water renovation, infiltrations, soil heat loss, soil water movement, effluent distribution

Citation

Harris, Alfred Ray. 1978. Evaluation of several methods of applying sewage effluent to forested soils in the winter. Research Paper NC-162. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station