Photographic guide of selected external defect indicators and associated internal defects in sugar maple

Everette D. Rast; John A. Beaton; David L. Sonderman

doi:10.2737/NE-RP-647

Treesearch

Photographic guide of selected external defect indicators and associated internal defects in sugar maple

Informally Refereed

Authors:

Everette D. Rast, John A. Beaton, David L. Sonderman

Year:

1991

Type:

Research Paper

Station:

Northern Research Station

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-RP-647

Source:

Res. Pap. NE-647. Radnor, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 35 p.

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Download (PDF 13.77 MB): https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/21839.pdf

Abstract

To properly classify or grade logs or trees, one must be able to correctly identify defect indicators and assess the effect of the underlying defect on possible end products. This guide assists the individual in identifying the surface defect indicator and shows the progressive stages of the defect throughout its development for sugar maple. Eleven types of external defect indicators and associated defects that are particularly difficult to evaluate are illustrated and described.

Keywords

defect identification, photo guide, sugar maple, quality assessment

Citation

Rast, Everette D.; Beaton, John A.; Sonderman, David L. 1991. Photographic guide of selected external defect indicators and associated internal defects in sugar maple. Res. Pap. NE-647. Radnor, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 35 p.