Identification and evaluation of defects in eastern white pine logs and trees

Abstract

The grade of eastern white pine lumber is determined primarily by the condition, size, and frequency of natural blemishes characteristic of the species. These include bark pockets, cross grain, rot, knots, pitch pockets, and shake. Mismanufacture and seasoning defects also affect lumber grade. This guide, based on our latest knowledge about the identification and evaluation of surface blemishes on eastern white pine logs and trees, was prepared for use as an aid in applying the standard eastern white pine log grades.

Citation

Ostrander, M.D. 1971. Identification and evaluation of defects in eastern white pine logs and trees. Res. Pap. NE-190. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 27 p.