Elk and mule deer responses to variation in hunting pressure.

Bruce K. Johnson; Alan A. Ager; James H. Noyes; Norm Cimon

Treesearch

Elk and mule deer responses to variation in hunting pressure.

Informally Refereed

Authors:

Bruce K. Johnson, Alan A. Ager, James H. Noyes, Norm Cimon

Year:

2004

Type:

Scientific Journal

Station:

Pacific Northwest Research Station

Source:

In: Transactions of the 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 625-640

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Abstract

Hunting can exert a variety of effects on both targeted and nontargeted ungulates, and animals either run or hide in response to hunting pressure. If animals successfully elude hunters by running, the energetic cost may deplete fat reserves needed for survival during winter in temperate regions. If animals successfully elude hunters by hiding, there may be an energetic cost from lost foraging opportunities.

Citation

Johnson, Bruce K.; Ager, Alan A.; Noyes, James H.; Cimon, Norm. 2004. Elk and mule deer responses to variation in hunting pressure. In: Transactions of the 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 625-640