Growth and mortality of thinned knobcone x Monterey pine saplings affected by engraver beetles and a hard freeze

Abstract

Mortality and diameter growth loss were severe on study plots in a thinned plantation of 9-year-old trees. California five-spined engravers killed 15 percent of the trees and a hard freeze killed 20 percent of the survivors. Mortality was higher and subsequent diameter growth was lower in trees with most of their needles freeze-killed than in trees less severely damaged in spite of occasional freeze damage at 3200 feet elevation, plantations of the hybrid can be successful if trees are closely spaced to provide for freeze mortality.

Citation

Oliver, William W. 1979. Growth and mortality of thinned knobcone x Monterey pine saplings affected by engraver beetles and a hard freeze. Res. Paper PSW-RP-139. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 9 p