Economics of wild salmon ecosystems: Bristol Bay, Alaska

Abstract

This paper provides an estimate of the economic value of wild salmon ecosystems in the major watershed of Bristol Bay, Alaska. The analysis utilizes both regional economic and social benefit-cost accounting frameworks. Key sectors analyzed include subsistence, commercial fishing, sport fishing, hunting, and nonconsumptive wildlife viewing and tourism. The mixed cash-subsistence economy of Bristol Bay supports a population of 7,611 (2000 census) that is 67 percent Alaska Native. Estimated expenditures and net economic values for all sectors were based on a literature review and available data, with the exception that original data was collected for 2005 on the sport fish sector using a random sample of licensed Alaska anglers. Methods included use of a regional input-output model maintained at the University of Alaska, and survey research and contingent valuation methods for the sport fishermen. Potential respondents included 886 resident anglers and 1,514 nonresident anglers contacted through a mail/internet approach. Additionally, 300 licensed anglers, 330 clients of Bristol Bay fishing lodges, and 46 lodge owners were contacted through a mail survey. Response rates ranged from 25.6 percent for resident anglers to 44.1 percent for nonresidents. Estimated direct expenditures/sales were $234.4 million in 2005 for commercial fishing and processing, $61 million for sport fishing, $17.1 million for wildlife viewing, $7.2 million for subsistence-related expenditures, and $12.4 million for sport hunting. Nearly 100 percent of the private basic sector in Bristol Bay and 5,540 full-time equivalent jobs are supported by this $324 million estimated direct economic impact associated with wild salmon ecosystem services. Direct net economic values are estimated at $104 million to $179 million per year, and are primarily associated with the subsistence sector.

Parent Publication

• Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress symposium

Citation

Duffield, John W.; Neher, Christopher J.; Patterson, David A.; Goldsmith, Oliver S. 2007. Economics of wild salmon ecosystems: Bristol Bay, Alaska. In: Watson, Alan; Sproull, Janet; Dean, Liese, comps. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress symposium; September 30-October 6, 2005; Anchorage, AK. Proceedings RMRS-P-49. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 35-44