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Distinctive features and definitions of young, mature, and old-growth Douglas-fir/hardwood forests

Informally Refereed
Download (PDF 3.32 MB): https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/3475.pdf

Citation

Bingham, B.B.; Sawyer, J.O., Jr. 1991. Distinctive features and definitions of young, mature, and old-growth Douglas-fir/hardwood forests. Pages 363-377 in: Ruggeiro, L.F.; Aubry, K.B.; Carey, A.B.; Huff, M.H., (Technical Coordinators). Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forests. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-285. Portland, OR: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station