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Abstract
The immature stages and life histories of
Euselasia chrysippe (Bates, 1866) and
E. bettina (Hewitson, 1869) are described, providing the first detailed morphological characters for the subfamily Euselasiinae. The larvae of
Euselasia chrysippe and
E. bettina specialize on several species of
Miconia (Melastomataceae). The eggs are stalked (the first reported case of such in Lepidoptera) and laid in clusters on the underside of leaves. The larvae are gregarious and feed, rest, molt, and pupate ‘synchronously’. Both species have six larval instars which exhibit processionary behavior throughout their development. SD2 setae on the prothoracic shield are sensitive to airborne vibrations and are related to the head-flicking behavior exhibited by larvae while feeding, perhaps as a defensive strategy to deter attacks by parasitoids. Several morphological characters of first instar larvae are unique among Lepidoptera: extra setae, bifurcated dorsal setae on A1–8, and various organs. Sixth instar larvae possess subcircular plates on the dorsolateral surfaces of all segments of the thorax and abdomen. These smooth plates have a metallic-blue iridescence that is structural in nature. Pupation occurred singly or gregariously under laboratory conditions. The total duration of the life cycle under laboratory conditions lasted up to eight weeks. New records of parasitoids for
Euselasia include
Encarsia and
Telenomus from eggs. A list of host plants recorded for Euselasiinae, a summary of parasitoid records for
Euselasia, and summary tables of unique organs and setae of immature stages are provided.
Euselasia chrysippe and
E. bettina are currently considered potential biocontrol agents for
Miconia calvescens DC in Hawaii.
Keywords
auditory mechanoreceptor,
biological control of weeds,
metalmark butterflies,
Calolydella,
Corrachia,
Encarsia,
Euselasia aurantia,
E bettina,
E chrysippe,
gregarious,
host plants,
Miconia calvescens,
Nemeobiinae,
Neotropical,
processionary behavior,
structural color,
Telenomus
Citation
Nishida, K. 2010. Description of the immature stages and life history of Euselasia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) on Miconia (Melastomataceae) in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2466: 1–74
