Tree Defects: A Photo Guide

Alex L Shigo

doi:10.2737/NE-GTR-82

Treesearch

Tree Defects: A Photo Guide

Informally Refereed

Authors:

Alex L Shigo

Year:

1983

Type:

General Technical Report

Station:

Northern Research Station

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-GTR-82

Source:

Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-82. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station. 167 p.

Download (PDF 39.38 MB)

Download (PDF 39.38 MB): https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/4096.pdf

Abstract

This guide shows, in 110 photos, how discoloration and decay form in trees. An expanded concept of tree decay is given. After wounding, trees form boundaries to resist the spread of pathogens. The boundary-setting defense process is called compartmentalization, and model of the process is CODIT. The expanded concept and the model are used to reexamine many other tree problems. Defects are major causes of low quality in trees. Use of the information in the guide can help foresters and urban foresters to grow healthier, higher-quality trees.

Keywords

Compartmentalization, discolored and decayed wood, CODIT, pruning, tree care

Citation

Shigo, Alex L. Tree Defects: A Photo Guide. Gen. Tee . Rep. NE-82. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station; 1983. 167 p.