A National Study of Constraints to Participation in Outdoor Recreational Activities

Gary T. Green; Michael Bowker; X.F. Wang; K. Cordell; Cassandra Johnson Gaither

Treesearch

A National Study of Constraints to Participation in Outdoor Recreational Activities

Informally Refereed

Authors:

Gary T. Green, Michael Bowker, X.F. Wang, K. Cordell, Cassandra Johnson Gaither

Year:

2012

Type:

General Technical Report

Station:

Southern Research Station

Source:

In: Cordell, H. Ken, ed. 2012. Outdoor Recreation Trends and Futures. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-150. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Southern Research Station. 70-74.

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Abstract

A number of studies have shown that certain groups in American society (e.g., Blacks, women, urban dwellers) can encounter barriers or perceived constraints to participation in outdoor recreation. Early research on constraints focused on racial or gender differences. More recent research has examined the effects of income, education, age, and place of residence (Arnold and Shinew 1998). However, despite the growth of research on constraints, few studies have examined how social factors (e.g., access, services, health) may constrain participation in outdoor recreation.

Citation

Green, Gary T.; Bowker, J.M.; Wang, X.F.; Cordell, K.; Johnson, Cassandra Y. 2012. A National Study of Constraints to Participation in Outdoor Recreational Activities. In: Cordell, H. Ken, ed. 2012. Outdoor Recreation Trends and Futures. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-150. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Southern Research Station. 70-74.