The Management of Policy and Direction in the Forest Service

Daina Apple; Ernst Valfer; Russel Stolins

Treesearch

The Management of Policy and Direction in the Forest Service

Formally Refereed

Authors:

Daina Apple, Ernst Valfer, Russel Stolins

Year:

1982

Type:

Miscellaneous Publication

Station:

Washington Office

Source:

Forest Service Publication

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Download (PDF 8.43 MB): https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/45427.pdf

Abstract

Since Hamrnurabi, King of Babylon, established his famous code of rules in the 13th Century B.C., (and possibly even before then), institutions from kingdoms to businesses have instutionalized their code of behavior in more or less elaborate sets of written laws, rules, and regulations. This is so in spite of the fact that rules reduce flexibility and hence adaptiveness and creativity. But the benefits of insuring a more consistent mode of behavior and reduction of uncertainity in ever more complex societies have been found to outweigh their advantages. And so to we find that almost every business or public organization has a set of written rules ranging from partnership agreements to complete guides for decisionmaking in every facet of organizational life.

Citation

Dravnieks, Daina; Valfer, Ernst; Stolins, Russel. 1982. The Management of Policy and Direction in the Forest Service. USDA Forest Service Publication. Berkeley, CA: Management Sciences Staff. 198 p.