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Abstract
This paper reviews research on improving the basic technique of cold stratification for tree and shrub seeds. Advanced stratification techniques include long stratification, stratification re-dry, or multiple cycles of warm-cold stratification. Research demonstrates that careful regulation of moisture levels and lengthening the stratification period have produced a more vigorous response in several species. Advanced stratification techniques have also produced more uniform germination in species that, when treated in the basic manner, have failed to germinate or have germinated erratically. Nursery managers can improve seed germination at their nurseries by carefully and gradually adopting one of the advanced stratification techniques reviewed in this paper.
Parent Publication
Citation
Karrfalt, Robert P. 2013. Advanced techniques to prepare seed to sow. In: Haase, D. L.; Pinto, J. R.; Wilkinson, K. M., technical coordinators. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations - 2012. Proceedings RMRS-P-69. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 67-71.
