Estimating the spread rate of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer using fluorescence

Toni Antikainen; Anti Rohumaa; Christopher G. Hunt; Mari Levirinne; Mark Hughes

doi:10.1007/s00107-014-0864-y

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Estimating the spread rate of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer using fluorescence

Formally Refereed

Authors:

Toni Antikainen, Anti Rohumaa, Christopher G. Hunt, Mari Levirinne, Mark Hughes

Year:

2015

Type:

Scientific Journal

Station:

Forest Products Laboratory

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0864-y

Source:

Eur. J. Wood Prod. Volume 73, 2015; pp. 69–75.

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Abstract

In plywood production, human operators find it difficult to precisely monitor the spread rate of adhesive in real-time. In this study, macroscopic fluorescence was used to estimate spread rate (SR) of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer. This method could be an option when developing automated real-time SR measurement for plywood or processes. Estimation of SR was shown where adhesive was spread uniformly and also where adhesive was spread as lines. For uniform spreading, average intensity of the fluorescence image predicted the SR of adhesive well, with an R² of 0.97 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 13 g m^-2. For line-spread adhesive, line average intensity and width were used to estimate SR, and all these features predicted SR well. Furthermore, adhesive penetration into veneer over time could be detected from fluorescence images taken over time.

Keywords

Adhesive, plywood, spread rate, fluorescence, automation

Citation

Antikainen, Toni; Rohumaa, Anti; Hunt, Christopher G.; Levirinne, Mari; Hughes, Mark. 2015. Estimating the spread rate of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer using fluorescence. Eur. J. Wood Prod. Volume 73, 2015; pp. 69–75.