Flammability studies of impregnated paper sheets

Ivan Simkovic; Anne Fuller; Robert H. White

doi:10.1007/s10973-011-1690-7

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Flammability studies of impregnated paper sheets

Formally Refereed

Authors:

Ivan Simkovic, Anne Fuller, Robert H. White

Year:

2011

Type:

Scientific Journal

Station:

Forest Products Laboratory

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1690-7

Source:

J Therm Anal Calorim, Volume 107, 2012; pp. 519-526.

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Abstract

Paper sheets impregnated with flame retardants made from agricultural residues and other additives were studied with the cone calorimeter. The use of sugar beet ethanol eluent (SBE), CaCl₂, and ZnCl₂ lowered the peak rate of heat release (PRHR) the most in comparison to water treated material. The average effective heat of combustion (AEHC) was lowered by most of our treatments with the exception of BMIC (butylmethylimidazolium chloride)/starch (BMS). The average mass loss rate was lowered by all the treatments, but the most by the use of ZnCl₂ and CaCl₂ treatments. Mass losses were the least with SBE, CaCl₂/NaOH/starch, and CaCl₂/NaOH treatments. The BMS sample exhibited the greatest total heat release while SBE samples gave the smallest value of the parameter. The flame retarding effect of SBE was ascribed to the presence of ferulates which prevented the formation of volatile products by condensinginto polycyclic aromatic residue.

Keywords

Agricultural residues, Cone calorimeter, Flame retardance, Composites, Intumescence

Citation

Simkovic, Ivan; Fuller, Anne; White, Robert. 2011. Flammability studies of impregnated paper sheets. J Therm Anal Calorim, Volume 107, 2012; pp. 519-526.