Download (PDF 177 KB): https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/48569.pdf
Abstract
Although the principal hardwood species in the forest zone of the Sierra Nevada (California black oak, tanoak, Pacific madrone, and canyon live oak) are key components of many ecosystems, they have received comparatively little study. Currently they are underutilized and unmanaged. This paper brings together what is known on the silviculture-ecology of these species and weaves it into a framework that has value to the academician and the practitioner. With species amounts, utilization, adaptations, and ecology as background, seed production, regeneration, early seedling growth, root crown sprouts, growth of trees and stands, and epicormic branching are presented. Ten major points having management implications conclude the paper.
Citation
McDonald, P.M.; Tappeiner, J.C. 1996. Silviculture-ecology of forest-zone hardwoods in the Sierra Nevada. In: Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress. Part III. Assessments, Commissioned Reports, and Background Information. Davis: University of California Centers for Water and Wildland Resources: 621-636.