Silvics of grand fir

Abstract

Grand fir (Abies grandis) is one of the two balsam firs found in the northern Rocky Mountain region and one of seven in the Pacific Northwest. Except in the southern part of its range, where it is often confused with white fir (Abies concolor), it is distinguished from other firs in its range by its needles, which are distinctly two-ranked. Grand fir differs anatomically from white fir only by the absence of stomata from the upper surface of grand fir leaves and the presence of stomata on the upper surface of white fir leaves. Other common names include balsam fir, lowland fir, lowland white fir, silver fir, yellow fir, and white fir (lumber).

Citation

Foiles, Marvin W. 1959. Silvics of grand fir. Misc. Publ. No. 21. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p.