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Abstract
Terrestrial fluvial-riparian ecosystems (FREs) are riverine landscapes that integrate aquatic, riparian, and upland domains within watersheds, linking physical, biological, and cultural-economic processes (Tockner et al. 2002). FRE characteristics and processes intergrade through the entire watershed, from the river’s headwaters to its terminus into an endorheic basin or the sea, and can extend far out into the submarine environment (e.g., Canals et al. 2009; Vannote et al. 1980; Ward et al. 2018; fig. 10). FREs include all sources of water that contribute to the basin’s riverine ecosystem, including springs, surface runoff, lakes, and atmospheric sources, such as humidity and fog. Only an average of 2,120 km3 (0.0002 percent) of the world’s water exists in river systems at any given time (Shiklomanov 1993).
Parent Publication
Keywords
riparian,
ecosystem,
ecology,
riparian processes,
riparian losses,
restoration,
aquatic,
arid,
semiarid,
upland,
freshwater,
groundwater,
hydrology,
watershed,
tamarisk,
tamarisk leaf beetles (Diorhabda spp)
Citation
Stevens, Lawrence E.; Johnson, R. Roy; Estes, Christopher. 2020. The Watershed Continuum: A conceptual model of fluvial-riparian ecosystems [Chapter 5]. In: Carothers, Steven W.; Johnson, R. Roy; Finch, Deborah M.; Kingsley, Kenneth J.; Hamre, Robert H., tech. eds. Riparian research and management: Past, present, future. Volume 2. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-411. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 80-137.
