Whitebark pine encroachment into lower-elevation sagebrush grasslands in southwest Montana, USA

Abstract

Projections for the future health and abundance of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) populations in western North America are dire. Not only has the species been declining due to the combined effects of fire exclusion policies, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins 1902) outbreaks, and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch), many are predicting that climate change will amplify these effects and whitebark pine habitat may be lost in many areas. One method to evaluate the validity of future predictions is to examine current migration patterns of whitebark pine into surrounding non-forested areas. In this paper, we documented the findings of a case study surveying the encroachment of whitebark pine into adjacent lower-elevation sagebrush grasslands and higher-elevation subalpine meadows in southwestern Montana, USA.

Citation

Flanary, Sarah J.; Keane, Robert E. 2019. Whitebark pine encroachment into lower-elevation sagebrush grasslands in southwest Montana, USA. Fire Ecology. 15: 42.