A multi-fidelity framework for wildland fire behavior simulations over complex terrain

Abstract

A method for the large-eddy simulation (LES) of wildfire spread over complex terrain is presented. In this scheme, a cut-cell immersed boundary method (CC-IBM) is used to render the complex terrain, defined by a tessellation, on a rectilinear Cartesian grid. Discretization of scalar transport equations for chemical species is done via a finite volume scheme on cut-cells defined by the intersection of the terrain geometry and the Cartesian cells. Momentum transport and heat transfer close to the immersed terrain are handled using dynamic wall models and a direct forcing immersed boundary method. A new “open” convective inflow/outflow method for specifying atmospheric wind boundary conditions is presented. Additionally, three basic approaches have been explored to model fire spread: (1) Representing the vegetation as a collection of Lagrangian particles, (2) representing the vegetation as a semi-porous boundary, and (3) representing the fire spread using a level set method, in which the fire spreads as a function of terrain slope, vegetation type, and wind speed. Several test and validation cases are reported to demonstrate the capabilities of this novel wildfire simulation methodology.

Citation

Vanella, Marcos; McGrattan, Kevin; McDermott, Randall; Forney, Glenn; Mell, William; Gissi, Emanuele; Fiorucci, Paolo. 2021. A multi-fidelity framework for wildland fire behavior simulations over complex terrain. Atmosphere. 12(2): 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020273.