Guidelines and techniques for studying the reproductive ecology of wild fishers (Pekania pennanti), American martens (Martes americana), and other members of the Martes Complex

Abstract

Information on reproduction is essential to understanding population dynamics and developing conservation plans for wildlife. However, research on reproduction with species in the Martes Complex in wild settings can be challenging due to their low population densities, elusive behaviours, and tendency to hide young in cryptic den structures such as tree cavities or snow burrows. Answering basic questions about life history parameters in the Mattes Complex involves specialized techniques that have been increasingly refined by researchers over the last half-century. We present a review of techniques and recommendations for researchers initiating a study of reproduction in a wild setting with a focus on the fisher (Pekania pennanti) and American marten (Martes americana). Specifically, we discuss details involved in studying reproduction through (1) assessment of teat condition at live captures, (2) assessment of reproductive organs of carcasses, (3) location and monitoring of reproductive dens using telemetry, (4) use of remote cameras at reproductive den structures, and (5) investigation of reproductive den chambers. We conclude by briefly summarizing available information on reproduction for members of the Maries Complex to highlight knowledge to date and encourage additional research.

Citation

Green, Rebeccca E.; Joyce, Michael J.; Matthews, Sean M.; Purcell, Kathryn L.; Higley, J. Mark; Zalewski, Andrzej. 2017. Guidelines and techniques for studying the reproductive ecology of wild fishers (Pekania pennanti), American martens (Martes americana), and other members of the Martes Complex. In: Zalewski, A.; Wierzbowska, I. A.; Aubry, K. B.; Birks, J. D. S.; O’Mahony, D. T.; Proulx, G., eds. The Martes Complex in the 21st century: ecology and conservation. Bialowieza, Poland: Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences: 313-358. Chapter 12.