Biomass-Based adsorbents for PFAS Remediation: From functionalization to disposal
| Authors: | Neda Arabzadeh Nosratabad, Qiangu Yan, Zhiyong Cai, Caixia Wan |
| Year: | 2026 |
| Type: | Scientific Journal |
| Station: | Forest Products Laboratory |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134618 |
| Source: | Bioresource Technology |
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic pollutants that resist degradation due to strong carbon–fluorine bonds, posing risks to ecosystems and human health through bioaccumulation, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Adsorption has emerged as a cost-effective remediation approach, with biomass-based adsorbents offering sustainable alternatives to conventional materials due to their low cost and tunable surface chemistry. Reported adsorption capacities vary widely depending on material design. This review critically examines recent advances in the functionalization and engineering of biomass-derived adsorbents to enhance PFAS binding efficiency, selectivity, and reusability. Key mechanisms, surface modification strategies, and challenges in regeneration and secondary pollution are discussed. Overall, this review identifies critical research gaps and provides guidance for developing scalable, efficient, and sustainable PFAS remediation technologies.