Charles R. Frihart, PhD

Treesearch Publications

• Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart, Marco Lo Ricco. 2026. High heat resistance of adhesive bonds to wood and aluminum
• Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2026. Protein structures dictate their adhesive performance
• Jane O'Dell, Laura Hasburgh, Charles R. Frihart. 2026. Adhesive bond performance of historic casein-bonded glued-laminated beams
• Heikko Kallakas, Nayomi Z. Plaza, Casey Crooks, Derek Turner, Mathew Gargulak, Matthew A. Arvanitis, Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt. 2024. Effect of Protein Surface Hydrophobicity and Surface Amines on Soy Adhesive Strength
• Christopher G. Hunt, Linda F. Lorenz, Carl J. Houtman, Eder Valle, Thomas Coolidge, Chera Mock, Charles R. Frihart. 2023. Jet cooking dramatically improves the wet strength of soy adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, Johannes Konnerth, Andrea Frangi, Christian Gottlober, Robert Jockwer, Frederic Pichelin. 2023. Joining and reassembling of wood
• Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart. 2023. Ovalbumin has unusually good wood adhesive strength and water resistance
• Charles R. Frihart, Matthew Gargulak. 2022. Use of Dynamic Shear Rheology to Understand Soy Protein Dispersion Properties
• Charles R. Frihart, James F. Beecher. 2022. Binders for small-caliber gun primers: understanding gum arabic and exploring possible synthetic replacements
• Mahsa Barzegar, Linda F. Lorenz, Rabi Behrooz, Charles R. Frihart. 2022. Improved Wood-Bond Strengths Using Soy and Canola Flours with pMDI and PAE
• Charles R. Frihart, Rishawn Brandon, Rebecca E. Ibach, Christopher G. Hunt, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter. 2021. Comparative Adhesive Bonding of Wood Chemically Modified with either Acetic Anhydride or Butylene Oxide
• Andreja Kutnar, Jane O'Dell, Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart, Frederick Kamke, Matthew Schwarzkopf. 2021. Viscoelastic properties of thermo-hydro-mechanically treated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) determined using dynamic mechanical analysis
• Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt. 2021. Chapter 10: Wood adhesives: bond formation and performance
• X. Xi, A. Pizzi, Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz, C. Gerardin. 2020. Tannin plywood bioadhesives with non-volatile aldehydes generation by specific oxidation of mono- and disaccharides
• Mahsa Barzegar, Rabi Behrooz, Hamid Reza Mansouri, Saeed Kazemi Najafi, Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart. 2020. Comparison of Canola and Soy Flour with Added Isocyanate as Wood Adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, Timothy L. Chaffee, James M. Wescott. 2020. Long-term formaldehyde emission potential from UF- and NAF-bonded particleboards
• Joseph Jakes, Samuel L. Zelinka, Christopher G. Hunt, Peter Ciesielski, Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, Leandro Passarini, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, David Vine, Stefan Vogt. 2020. Measurement of moisture-dependent ion diffusion constants in wood cell wall layers using time-lapse micro X-ray fluorescence microscopy
• Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2020. Standard test method ASTM D 7998-19 for the cohesive strength development of wood adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Nayomi Z. Plaza, Joseph Jakes. 2019. Adhesive-wood interactions in relation to failure in bonded wood products from the centimeter to nanometer scale
• Charles R. Frihart, Antonio Pizzi, Xuedong Xi, Linda F. Lorenz. 2019. Reactions of soy flour and soy protein by non-volatile aldehydes generation by specific oxidation
• Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2019. Specific oxidants improve the wood bonding strength of soy and other plant flours
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Daniel J. Yelle, Nayomi Z. Plaza, Linda F. Lorenz, Daniel J. Ching. 2018. Integrating multiscale studies of adhesive penetration into wood
• Steve Zylkowski, Charles R. Frihart. 2018. Volatile organic compounds emissions from North American engineered wood products
• Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart, Manfred Dunky, Anti Rohumaa. 2018. Understanding wood bonds–going beyond what meets the eye: a critical review
• Christopher G. Hunt, Samuel L. Zelinka, Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz, Daniel J. Yelle, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, Stefan Vogt, Joseph Jakes. 2018. Acetylation increases relative humidity threshold for ion transport in wood cell walls – a means to understanding decay resistance
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Daniel J. Yelle, Nayomi Z. Plaza, Linda F. Lorenz, Warren Grigsby, Daniel J. Ching, Fred Kamke, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, Stefan Vogt, Xianghui Xiao. 2018. X-ray methods to observe and quantify adhesive penetration into wood
• Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2018. Protein adhesives
• Nayomi Z. Plaza, Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Daniel J. Yelle, Linda F. Lorenz, William T. Heller, Sai Venkatesh Pingali, Donald S. Stone. 2017. Small-angle neutron scattering as a new tool to evaluate moisture-induced swelling in the nanostructure of chemically modified wood cell walls
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Daniel J. Yelle, Nayomi Z. Plaza, Linda F. Lorenz, Daniel J. Ching. 2017. Integrating multi-scale studies of adhesive penetration into wood
• Nayomi Z. Plaza, Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Daniel J. Yelle, Linda F. Lorenz. 2017. Small angle neutron scattering as a new tool to evaluate moisture-induced swelling in the nanostructure of chemically modified wood cell walls
• Charles R. Frihart, Rishawn Brandon, James Beecher, Rebecca E. Ibach. 2017. Adhesives for Achieving Durable Bonds with Acetylated Wood
• Steve Zylkowski, Charles R. Frihart. 2017. Volatile organic compound emissions from engineered wood products
• Christopher G. Hunt, Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart. 2017. Advanced analysis tools and programs to accelerate the adoption of more natural structures
• Ganna Baglayeva, Wayne S. Seames, Charles R. Frihart, Jane O'Dell, Evguenii I. Kozliak. 2017. Penetration of n-hexadecane and water into wood under conditions simulating catastrophic floods
• Joseph Jakes, Nayomi Z. Plaza, Xavier Arzola Villegas, Charles R. Frihart. 2017. Improved understanding of moisture effects on outdoor wood–adhesive bondlines
• Ganna Baglayeva, Gautham Krishnamoorthy, Charles R. Frihart, Wayne S. Seamus, Jane O'Dell, Evguenii Kozliak. 2016. Modeling of n-hexadecane and water sorption in wood
• Charles R. Frihart, James Beecher. 2016. Factors that lead to failure with wood adhesive bonds
• Charles R. Frihart, Michael J. Birkeland. 2016. From the lab to commercial reality with biobased adhesives for wood
• Charles R. Frihart, Thomas Coolidge, Chera Mock, Eder Valle. 2016. High bonding temperatures greatly improve soy adhesive wet strength
• Anti Rohumaa, Akio Yamamoto, Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart, Mark Hughes, Jaan Kers. 2016. Effect of log soaking and the temperature of peeling on the properties of rotary-cut birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer bonded with phenol-formaldehyde adhesive
• Anti Rohumaa, Toni Antikainen, Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart, Mark Hughes. 2016. The influence of log soaking temperature on surface quality and integrity performance of birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer
• Charles R. Frihart, Michael Birkeland. 2016. Soy Products for Wood Bonding
• Charles R. Frihart. 2016. Cohesion and Adhesion with Proteins
• Charles R. Frihart. 2016. Adhesive Penetration of Wood and Its Effect on Bond Strength
• Charles R. Frihart. 2016. Potential for Biobased Adhesives in Wood Bonding
• Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, Rebecca E. Ibach. 2015. Wood properties influence bond durability
• Joseph Jakes, Christopher G. Hunt, Daniel J. Yelle, Linda F. Lorenz, Kolby Hirth, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, Stefan Vogt, Warren Grigsby, Charles R. Frihart. 2015. Synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy in Conjunction with Nanoindentation to Study Molecular-Scale Interactions of Phenol–Formaldehyde in Wood Cell Walls
• Linda F. Lorenz, Michael Birkeland, Chera Daurio, Charles R. Frihart. 2015. Soy Flour Adhesive Strength Compared with That of Purified Soy Proteins*
• Anti Rohumaa, Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart, Pekka Saranpää, Martin Ohlmeyer, Mark Hughes. 2014. The influence of felling season and log-soaking temperature on the wetting and phenol formaldehyde adhesive bonding characteristics of birch veneer
• Charles R. Frihart, Michael J. Birkeland. 2014. Chapter 8: Soy Properties and Soy Wood Adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, Holly Satori, Zhu Rongxian, Michael J. Birkeland. 2014. Ovalbumin as a Wood Adhesive
• Charles R. Frihart. 2014. Many Roles of Wood Adhesives
• Yao Chen, Nicole M. Stark, Zhiyong Cai, Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz, Rebecca E. Ibach. 2014. Chemical Modification of Kraft Lignin: Effect on Chemical and Thermal Properties
• Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt, Michael J. Birkeland. 2014. Chapter 16: Soy Proteins as Wood Adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2013. Protein Modifiers Generally Provide Limited Improvement in Wood Bond Strength of Soy Flour Adhesives
• Yao Chen, Charles R. Frihart, Zhiyong Cai, Linda F. Lorenz, Nicole M. Stark. 2013. Lignin-based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins from Purified CO₂ Precipitated Kraft lignin (PCO₂KL)
• Yao Chen, Charles R. Frihart, Zhiyong Cai, Linda F. Lorenz, Nicole M. Stark. 2013. Lignin-based Phenol-Formalehyde Resins from Purified CO₂ Precipitated Kraft Lignin (PCO₂KL)
• Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2013. Comparing Soy Flour Wood Adhesives to Purified Soy Protein Adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart. 2013. How wood adhesives work and where are the areas for improvement
• Anti Rohumaa, Christopher G. Hunt, Mark Hughes, Charles R. Frihart, Janne Logren. 2013. The influence of lathe check depth and orientation on the bond quality of phenol-formaldehyde-bonded birch plywood
• Charles R. Frihart, Holly Satori. 2013. Soy flour dispersibility and performance as wood adhesive
• Byung-Dae Park, Charles R. Frihart, Yan Yu, Adya P. Singh. 2013. Hardness evaluation of cured urea-formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios using nanoindentation method
• Jane O'Dell, Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart. 2013. High temperature performance of soy-based adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart. 2013. Chapter 9:Wood Adhesion and Adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott, Timothy L. Chaffee, Kyle M. Gonner. 2012. Formaldehyde Emissions from Urea-Formaldehyde- and no-added-formaldehyde-Bonded particleboard as Influenced by Temperature and Relative Humidity
• Chunpeng Wang, Fuxiang Chu, Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz, Yuzhi Xu, Nicole M. Stark. 2012. Chemical Modification of Soy Flour Protein and its Properties
• Joseph Jakes, Daniel J. Yelle, Charles R. Frihart. 2011. Tools to Understand Structural Property Relationships for Wood Cell Walls
• Charles R. Frihart. 2011. Influence of soy type on wood bonding performance
• Charles R. Frihart. 2011. Wood adhesives : vital for producing most wood products
• James Wescott, Charles R. Frihart. 2011. Sticking power from soya beans : higher fossil fuel prices and concerns over formaldehyde in existing glue formulations have led to a resurgence in interest in soya-based adhesives, report
• John Ralph, Daniel J. Yelle, Charles R. Frihart. 2011. Delineating pMDI model reactions with loblolly pine via solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Part 1, Catalyzed reactions with wood models and wood polymers
• Daniel J. Yelle, John Ralph, Charles R. Frihart. 2011. Delineating pMDI model reactions with loblolly pine via solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Part 2, Non-catalyzed reactions with the wood cell wall
• Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott, Michael J. Birkeland, Kyle M. Gonner. 2010. Formaldehyde emissions from ULEF- and NAF-bonded commercial hardwood plywood as influenced by temperature and relative humidity
• Charles R. Frihart. 2010. Biobased adhesives and non-conventional bonding
• Charles R. Frihart, Michael J. Birkeland, Anthony J. Allen, James M. Wescott. 2010. Soy adhesives that can form durable bonds for plywood, laminated wood flooring, and particleboard
• Robert J. Moon, Joseph Wells, David E. Kretschmann, James W. Evans, Alex C. Wiedenhoeft, Charles R. Frihart. 2010. Influence of chemical treatments on moisture-induced dimensional change and elastic modulus of earlywood and latewood
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, James Beecher, Donald S. Stone. 2010. Nano-indentation creep properties of the S2 cell wall lamina and compound corner middle lamella [abstract]
• Joseph Jakes, Daniel J. Yelle, James Beecher, Charles R. Frihart, D.S. Stone. 2010. Characterizing polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate reactions with wood. 2, Nano-indentation
• Daniel J. Yelle, Joseph Jakes, John Ralph, Charles R. Frihart. 2010. Characterizing polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate reactions with wood. 1, High-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy
• Charles R. Frihart, Christopher G. Hunt. 2010. Adhesives with wood materials : bond formation and performance
• Charles R. Frihart. 2010. Soy protein adhesives
• Michael J. Birkeland, Linda F. Lorenz, James M. Wescott, Charles R. Frihart. 2010. Determination of native (wood derived) formaldehyde by the desiccator method in particleboards generated during panel production
• Daniel J. Yelle, John Ralph, Charles R. Frihart. 2009. Investigating the reactivity of pMDI with wood cell walls using high-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy
• Christopher G. Hunt, Charles R. Frihart, Jane O'Dell. 2009. Heat resistant soy adhesives for structural wood products
• Robert J. Moon, Joseph Jakes, James Beecher, Charles R. Frihart, Donald S. Stone. 2009. Relating nanoindentation to macroindentation of wood
• Charles R. Frihart, Brice N. Dally, James M. Wescott, Michael J. Birkeland. 2009. Bio-based adhesives and reproducible rapid small-scale bond strength testing
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, Donald S. Stone. 2009. Creep properties of micron-size domains in ethylene glycol modified wood across 4 1/2 decades in strain rate
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, J.F. Beecher, Robert J. Moon, P.J. Resto, Z.H. Melgarejo, O.M. Saurez, H. Baumgart, A.A. Elmustafa, D.S. Stone. 2009. Nanoindentation near the edge
• Charles R. Frihart. 2009. Adhesive groups and how they relate to the durability of bonded wood
• Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, John Ralph, Robert J. Moon, Donald S. Stone, Joseph Jakes. 2008. Enhanced understanding of the relationship between chemical modification and mechanical properties of wood
• Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott. 2008. Why do some wood-adhesive bonds respond poorly to accelerated moisture-resistant tests?
• Joseph Jakes, Charles R. Frihart, James Beecher, Robert J. Moon, D. S. Stone. 2008. Experimental method to account for structural compliance in nanoindentation measurements
• Daniel J. Yelle, John Ralph, Charles R. Frihart. 2008. Characterization of nonderivatized plant cell walls using high-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy
• Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, Alex C. Wiedenhoeft. 2008. What does moisture-related durability of wood bonds mean?
• Joseph Jakes, Donald S. Stone, Charles R. Frihart. 2008. Nanoindentation methods for wood-adhesive bond lines
• Christopher G. Hunt, Rishawn Brandon, Rebecca E. Ibach, Charles R. Frihart. 2007. What does bonding to modified wood tell us about adhesion?
• Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott. 2007. Chromatographic analysis of the reaction of soy flour with formaldehyde and phenol for wood adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart. 2007. Model for understanding the durability performance of wood adhesives
• James M. Wescott, Michael J. Birkeland, Amy E. Traska, Charles R. Frihart, Brice N. Dally. 2007. New method for rapid testing of bond strength for wood adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott, Amy E. Traska. 2007. Dispersion adhesives from soy flour and phenol formaldehyde
• Joseph Jakes, Donald S. Stone, Charles R. Frihart. 2007. Nanoindentation size effects in wood
• Charles R. Frihart. 2007. Why good ideas and good science do not always make it into the marketplace
• Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart. 2006. Adhesive bonding of wood treated with ACQ and copper azole preservatives
• Robert J. Moon, Charles R. Frihart, Theodore H. Wegner. 2006. Nanotechnology applications in the forest products industry
• Charles R. Frihart, Jermal G. Chandler. 2006. Can melamine-based wood primers help in understanding bonded wood durability?
• Blake M. Hofferber, Edward Kolodka, Rishawn Brandon, Robert J. Moon, Charles R. Frihart. 2006. Effects of swelling forces on the durability of wood adhesive bonds
• Charles R. Frihart. 2006. Wood structure and adhesive bond strength
• James M. Wescott, Amy Traska, Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz. 2005. Durable soy-based adhesive dispersions
• Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Are epoxy-wood bonds durable enough?
• James Beecher, Charles R. Frihart. 2005. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for characterization of wood surfaces in adhesion studies
• Jermal G. Chandler, Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Assessment of increased wet wood bonding for epoxy-bonded samples using a melamine-urea-formaldehyde priming agent
• Rishawn Brandon, Rebecca E. Ibach, Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Effects of chemically modified wood on bond durability
• Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Utility of Horioka’s and Marra’s models for adhesive failure
• Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott. 2005. Analysis of soy flour/phenol-formaldehyde adhesives for bonding wood
• Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Wood adhesion and adhesives
• P. J. Weimer, R. G. Koegel, Linda F. Lorenz, Charles R. Frihart, William R. Kenealy. 2005. Wood adhesives prepared from lucerne fiber fermentation residues of Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium thermocellum
• Jermal G. Chandler, Rishawn L. Brandon, Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Examination of adhesive penetration in modified wood using fluorescence microscopy
• Charles R. Frihart. 2005. Adhesive bonding and performance testing of bonded wood products
• Charles R. Frihart. 2004. Specific adhesion model for bonding hot-melt polyamides to vinyl
• Charles R. Frihart, James M. Wescott. 2004. Improved water resistance of bio-based adhesives for wood bonding
• Charles R. Frihart. 2004. The challenge of bonding treated wood
• James M. Wescott, Charles R. Frihart. 2004. Competitive soybean flour/phenol-formaldehyde adhesives for oriented strandboard
• Charles R. Frihart. 2003. Interaction of copper wood preservatives and adhesives
• Charles R. Frihart. 2003. Durable wood bonding with epoxy adhesives

• Project
  

  Understanding Protein Behavior for Bio-Based Wood Adhesives and Forest Products

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/fpl/projects/bio-based-adhesives
  Station

  Forest Products Laboratory

• Columbia University, Chemistry Department, Postdoctoral, Post Doc, 1976
• University of Illinois, Champaign/Urbana, Ph.D., Bio-organic Chemistry, 1973
• University of Illinois, Champaign/Urbana, M.S., Bio-organic Chemistry, 1971
• University of Wisconsin, Madison, B.S., Organic Chemistry, 1969