David N. Cole, PhD

Treesearch Publications

• David N. Cole. 2014. Wilderness science: A historical perspective
• Peggy E. Moore, Jan W. van Wagtendonk, Julie L. Yee, Mitchel P. McClaran, David N. Cole, Neil K. McDougald, Matthew L. Brooks. 2013. Net primary productivity of subalpine meadows in Yosemite National Park in relation to climate variability
• David N. Cole, David J. Parsons. 2013. Campsite impact in the wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Thirty years of change
• David N. Cole. 2013. Long-term effectiveness of restoration treatments on closed wilderness campsites
• David N. Cole. 2013. Changing conditions on wilderness campsites: Seven case studies of trends over 13 to 32 years
• David N. Cole, Liese Dean, Debarah Taylor, Troy E. Hall. 2012. Restoration of plant cover on campsites in subalpine forests: Sawtooth Wilderness, Idaho
• David N. Cole. 2012. Beyond naturalness: Adapting wilderness stewardship to an era of rapid global change
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2012. The effect of use density and length of stay on visitor experience in wilderness
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2012. Wilderness experience quality: Effects of use density depend on how experience is conceived
• David N. Cole, Daniel R. Williams. 2012. Wilderness visitor experiences: Lessons from 50 years of research
• Troy E. Hall, David N. Cole. 2012. Immediate conscious experience in wilderness: A phenomenological investigation
• Erin Seekamp, Troy Hall, David N. Cole. 2012. Visitors' conceptualizations of wilderness experiences
• David N. Cole. 2012. Wilderness visitor experiences: Progress in research and management; 2011 April 4-7; Missoula, MT
• David N. Cole. 2012. Wilderness visitor experiences: A selective review of 50 years of research
• David N. Cole. 2011. Planned diversity: The case for a system with several types of wilderness
• Doug Whittaker, Bo Shelby, Robert Manning, David N. Cole, Glenn Haas. 2011. Capacity reconsidered: Finding consensus and clarifying differences
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2010. Experiencing the restorative components of wilderness environments: Does congestion interfere and does length of exposure matter?
• Richard J. Hobbs, David N. Cole, Laurie Yung, Erika S. Zavaleta, Gregory H. Aplet, F. Stuart Chapin, Peter B. Landres, David Parsons, Nathan L. Stephenson, Peter S. White, David M. Graber, Eric S. Higgs, Connie I. Millar, John M. Randall, Kathy A. Tonnessen, Stephen Woodley. 2010. Guiding concepts for park and wilderness stewardship in an era of global environmental change
• David N. Cole, Thomas Carlson. 2010. Numerical visitor capacity: a guide to its use in wilderness
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2010. Privacy functions and wilderness recreation: Use density and length of stay effects on experience
• Doug Whittaker, Bo Shelby, Robert Manning, David N. Cole, Glenn Haas. 2010. Capacity reconsidered: Finding consensus and clarifying differences
• David N. Cole, N.L. Stephenson, Connie I. Millar. 2010. Responding to climate change: A toolbox of management strategies
• N.L. Stephenson, Connie I. Millar, David N. Cole. 2010. Shifting environmental foundations: The unprecedented and unpredictable future
• Troy E. Hall, Erin Seekamp, David N. Cole. 2010. Do recreation motivations and wilderness involvement relate to support for wilderness management? A segmentation analysis
• Erin Seekamp, David N. Cole. 2009. Deliberating the experiential qualities of wilderness: Similar meanings, but divergent standards
• Christopher A. Monz, David N. Cole, Yu-Fai Leung, Jeffrey L. Marion. 2009. Sustaining visitor use in protected areas: Future opportunities in recreation ecology research based on the USA experience
• David N. Cole, Thomas E. Ferguson. 2009. A relatively nonrestrictive approach to reducing campsite impact: Caney Creek Wilderness, Arkansas
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2009. Perceived effects of setting attributes on visitor experiences in wilderness: Variation with situational context and visitor characteristics
• Peter B. Landres, Steve Boutcher, Liese Dean, Troy Hall, Tamara Blett, Terry Carlson, Ann Mebane, Carol Hardy, Susan Rinehart, Linda Merigliano, David N. Cole, Andy Leach, Pam Wright, Deb Bumpus. 2009. Technical guide for monitoring selected conditions related to wilderness character
• David N. Cole, Laurie Yung, Erika S. Zavaleta, Gregory H. Aplet, F. Stuart III Chaplin, David M. Graber, Eric S. Higgs, Richard J. Hobbs, Peter B. Landres, Connie I. Millar, David Parsons, John M. Randall, Nathan L. Stephenson, Kathy A. Tonnessen, Peter S. White, Stephen Woodley. 2008. Naturalness and beyond: Protected area stewardship in an era of global environmental change
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2008. The "adaptable human" phenomenon: Implications for recreation management in high-use wilderness
• Mary Emerick, David N. Cole. 2008. Searching for solitude in the wilderness of southeast Alaska
• David N. Cole. 2008. Wilderness restoration: From philosophical questions about naturalness to tests of practical techniques
• Peter B. Landres, Mary Beth Hennessy, Kimberly Schlenker, David N. Cole, Steve Boutcher. 2008. Applying the concept of wilderness character to national forest planning, monitoring, and management
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 2008. Wilderness visitors, experiences, and management preferences: How they vary with use level and length of stay
• David N. Cole, Pam Foti, Mathieu Brown. 2008. Twenty years of change on campsites in the backcountry of Grand Canyon National Park
• David N. Cole. 2007. Seedling establishment and survival on restored campsites in subalpine forest
• Troy E. Hall, David N. Cole. 2007. Changes in the motivations, perceptions, and behaviors of recreation users: Displacement and coping in wilderness
• David N. Cole, David R. Spildie. 2007. Vegetation and soil restoration on highly impacted campsites in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon
• David N. Cole. 2007. Scaling-up the minimum requirements analysis for big wilderness issues
• David N. Cole. 2007. The importance of archiving baseline wilderness data
• David N. Cole. 2006. Monitoring to Protect the Character of Individual Wildernesses
• Lisa Therrell, David N. Cole, Victor Claassen, Chris Ryan, Mary Ann Davies. 2006. Wilderness and backcountry site restoration guide
• David N. Cole. 2006. Visitor and recreation impact monitoring: Is it lost in the gulf between science and management?
• Kevin J. Gutzwiller, David N. Cole. 2005. Assessment and management of wildland recreational disturbance [Chapter 29]
• David N. Cole. 2005. Case studies of simulation models of recreation use
• David N. Cole. 2005. Future directions for simulation of recreation use
• David N. Cole. 2005. Symbolic values: The overlooked values that make wilderness unique
• Jan W. van Wagtendonk, David N. Cole. 2005. Historical Development of Simulation Models of Recreation Use
• David N. Cole, Kerri Cahill, Marilyn Hof. 2005. Why Model Recreation Use?
• Robert E. Manning, Robert M. Itami, David N. Cole, Randy Gimblett. 2005. Overview of Computer Simulation Modeling Approaches and Methods
• David N. Cole. 2005. Computer simulation modeling of recreation use: Current status, case studies, and future directions
• David N. Cole. 2004. Travel simulation modeling: an emerging tool for visitor management in wilderness
• David N. Cole. 2004. Monitoring and management of recreation in protected areas: the contributions and limitations of science
• David N. Cole, Jan W. van Wagtendonk, Mitchel P. McClaran, Peggy E. Moore, Neil K. McDougald. 2004. Response of mountain meadows to grazing by recreational pack stock
• David N. Cole, Vita Wright. 2004. Information about wilderness visitors and recreation impacts: is it adequate?
• David N. Cole. 2004. Wilderness experiences: what should we be managing for?
• David N. Cole, Christopher A. Monz. 2004. Spatial patterns of recreational impact on experimental campsites
• David N. Cole, Vita Wright. 2003. Wilderness visitors and recreation impacts: baseline data available for twentieth century conditions
• David Parsons, David N. Cole. 2003. The challenge of wilderness stewardship
• David N. Cole. 2003. Agency policy and the resolution of wilderness stewardship dilemmas
• David N. Cole. 2002. Simulation of recreational use in backcountry settings: an aid to management planning
• David N. Cole. 2001. Day users in wilderness: How different are they?
• Wayne A. Freimund, David N. Cole. 2001. Visitor use density and wilderness experience: proceedings; 2000 June 13; Missoula, MT
• David N. Cole. 2001. Management dilemmas that will shape wilderness in the 21st century
• Wayne A. Freimund, David N. Cole. 2001. Use density, visitor experience, and limiting recreational use in wilderness: progress to date and research needs
• David N. Cole. 2001. Visitor use density and wilderness experiences: a historical review of research
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole. 2000. Communicating minimum impact behavior with trailside bulletin boards: Visitor characteristics associated with effectiveness
• Troy Hall, David N. Cole. 2000. An expanded perspective on displacement: A longitudinal study of visitors to two wildernesses in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole, William T. Borrie, Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference-Volume 2: Wilderness within the context of larger systems; 1999 May 23-27; Missoula, MT
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool, Wayne A. Freimund, Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference-Volume 1: Changing perspectives and future directions; 1999 May 23-27; Missoula, MT
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool, William T. Borrie, Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference-Volume 4: Wilderness visitors, experiences, and visitor management; 1999 May 23-27; Missoula, MT
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool. 2000. Wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management
• James A. Harding, William T. Borrie, David N. Cole. 2000. Factors that limit compliance with low-impact recommendations
• William Stewart, David N. Cole, Robert E. Manning, William Valliere, Jonathan Taylor, Martha Lee. 2000. Preparing for a day hike at Grand Canyon: what is useful?
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool, David Parsons, Perry J. Brown. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change: a conference
• Catherine Zabinski, David N. Cole. 2000. Understanding the factors that limit restoration success on a recreation-impacted subalpine site
• Neal A. Christensen, David N. Cole. 2000. Leave no trace practices: behaviors and preferences of wilderness visitors regarding use of cookstoves and camping away from lakes
• David R. Spildie, David N. Cole, Sarah C. Walker. 2000. Effectiveness of a confinement strategy in reducing pack stock impacts at campsites in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Idaho
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool, William T. Borrie, Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference-Volume 5: Wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management; 1999 May 23-27; Missoula, MT
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole, William T. Borrie, Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference-Volume 3: Wilderness as a place for scientific inquiry; 1999 May 23-27; Missoula, MT
• Christopher Monz, Joseph W. Roggenbuck, David N. Cole, Richard Brame, Andrew Yoder. 2000. Wilderness party size regulations: implications for management and a decisionmaking framework
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole. 2000. Wilderness as a place for scientific inquiry
• David N. Cole, William E. Hammitt. 2000. Wilderness management dilemmas: fertile ground for wilderness management research
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool. 2000. Wilderness visitors, experiences, and visitor management
• David N. Cole, David R. Spildie. 2000. Soil amendments and planting techniques : campsite restoration in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon
• P. E. Moore, David N. Cole, J. W. Van Wagtendonk, Mitchel P. McClaran. 2000. Meadow response to pack stock grazing in the Yosemite wilderness: Integrating research and management
• Alan E. Watson, David N. Cole, David Turner, Penny S. Reynolds. 2000. Wilderness recreation use estimation: a handbook of methods and systems
• Alan E. Watson, David N. Cole, Gregory T. Friese, John C. Hendee, Peter B. Landres, Thoms F. Geary, Gerald L. Stokes, Jeff Jarvis, Wes Henry. 1999. Wilderness uses, users, values, and management
• Linda Merigliano, David N. Cole, David Parsons. 1997. Application of LAC-type processes and concepts to nonrecreation management issues in protected areas
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole. 1997. Annotated bibliography of publications for LAC applications
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool. 1997. The limits of acceptable change process: modifications and clarifications
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool. 1997. Limits of acceptable change and related planning processes: a workshop
• David N. Cole, George H. Stankey. 1997. Historical development of limits of acceptable change: conceptual clarifications and possible extensions
• David N. Cole, Stephen F. McCool. 1997. Limits of acceptable change and natural resources planning: when is LAC useful, when is it not?
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole. 1997. Experiencing limits of acceptable change: some thoughts after a decade of implementation
• Stephen F. McCool, David N. Cole. 1997. Proceedings - Limits of Acceptable Change and related planning processes: Progress and future directions
• David N. Cole, Peter B. Landres. 1996. Threats to wilderness ecosystems: impacts and research needs
• Jeffrey L. Marion, David N. Cole. 1996. Spatial and temporal variation in soil and vegetation impacts on campsites
• Douglas McEwen, David N. Cole, Mark Simon. 1996. Campsite impacts in four wildernesses in the south-central United States
• David N. Cole. 1996. Wilderness recreation use trends, 1965 through 1994
• David N. Cole. 1996. Wilderness recreation in the United States: trends in use, users, and impacts
• David N. Cole. 1995. Defining fire and wilderness objectives: Applying limits of acceptable change
• David N. Cole. 1995. Experimental trampling of vegetation. I. Relationship between trampling intensity and vegetation response
• David N. Cole. 1995. Recreational trampling experiments: Effects of trampler weight and shoe type
• David N. Cole, Peter B. Landres. 1995. Indirect effects of recreation on wildlife
• David N. Cole. 1995. Disturbance of natural vegetation by camping: experimental applications of low-level stress
• David N. Cole. 1995. Wilderness management principles: science, logical thinking or personal opinion?
• David N. Cole. 1995. Experimental trampling of vegetation. II. Predictors of resistance and resilience
• Alan E. Watson, David N. Cole, Joseph W. Roggenbuck. 1995. Trends in wilderness recreation use characteristics
• Peter B. Landres, David N. Cole, Alan E. Watson. 1994. A monitoring strategy for the national wilderness preservation system
• David N. Cole. 1994. The wilderness threats matrix: A framework for assessing impacts
• David N. Cole. 1994. Backcountry impact management: Lessons from research
• David N. Cole. 1993. Minimizing conflict between recreation and nature conservation
• Mitchel P. McClaran, David N. Cole. 1993. Packstock in wilderness: Use, impacts, monitoring, and management
• David N. Cole. 1993. Campsites in three western wildernesses: Proliferation and changes in condition over 12 to 16 years
• David N. Cole, Troy E. Hall. 1992. Trends in campsite condition: Eagle Cap Wilderness, Bob Marshall Wilderness, and Grand Canyon National Park
• Alan E. Watson, David N. Cole. 1992. LAC indicators: an evaluation of progress and list of proposed indicators
• David N. Cole. 1991. Changes on trails in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Montana, 1978-89
• David N. Cole, Richard L. Knight. 1991. Wildlife preservation and recreational use: Conflicting goals of wildland management
• David N. Cole. 1991. Modeling wilderness campsites: Factors that influence amount of impact
• David N. Cole. 1990. Some principles to guide wilderness campsite management
• David N. Cole. 1990. Recreation in whitebark pine ecosystems: Demand, problems, and management strategies
• David N. Cole. 1989. Low-impact recreational practices for wilderness and backcountry
• David N. Cole. 1989. Wilderness campsite monitoring methods: a sourcebook
• David N. Cole. 1989. Area of vegetation loss: a new index of campsite impact
• David N. Cole, Robert C. Lucas. 1989. Significant wilderness qualities: can they be identified and monitored?
• David N. Cole. 1989. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado: a challenge to float, a challenge to manage
• David N. Cole. 1989. Viewpoint: needed research on domestic and recreational livestock in wilderness
• David N. Cole, Margaret E. Petersen, Robert C. Lucas. 1987. Managing wilderness recreation use: common problems and potential solutions
• David N. Cole. 1986. Resource impacts caused by recreation
• David N. Cole. 1986. Ecological changes on campsites in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, 1979 to 1984
• George H. Stankey, David N. Cole, Robert C. Lucas, Margaret E. Petersen, Sidney S. Frissell. 1985. The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) system for wilderness planning
• David N. Cole. 1983. Campsite conditions in the Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana
• David N. Cole. 1982. Wilderness campsite impacts: Effect of amount of use

• University of California, Berkeley, B.A., Geography, 1972
• University of Oregon, Ph.D., Geography, 1977