Emile S. Gardiner, PhD
Research Forester - Team Leader
emile.gardiner@usda.gov
Treesearch Publications
- Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf. 2025. International practices for regenerating and restoring forest trees by seeding – an introduction
- John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner. 2025. Seeding forest trees
- Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf. 2025. Seeding bottomland oaks (Quercus spp.) in the southern United States
- Nora S. Pohl, Per-Ola Hedwall, Jorge Aldea, Annika M. Felton, Emile S. Gardiner, Luca Muraro, Björn Nordén, Magnus Löf. 2025. Effects of stand structural attributes on oak recruitment in mixed temperate forests
- Jonathan Kressuk, James Collins, Emile S. Gardiner, Mohammad Bataineh, Benjamin Babst, Molly Cavaleri. 2024. Willow oak ( Quercus phellos ) seedling roots continue respiration and growth during fall and winter in a soil temperature-dependent manner
- Emile S. Gardiner. 2024. Masting Dynamics of Bottomland Oaks in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA
- Nora Pohl, Per-Ola Hedwall, Jorge Aldea, Emile S. Gardiner, Annika Felton, Luca Muraro, Björn Nordén, Magnus Löf. 2024. Effects of Selective Cutting on Structural Attributes and Oak Recruitment in Stands of Mixed Forests in Southern Sweden
- Ian Vaughan, Benjamin Knapp, Emile S. Gardiner, John M. Kabrick, Morgan Davis. 2024. Effects of Dormant Season Flooding on Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Root Growth
- Benjamin A. Babst, Jonathan M. Kressuk, Tucker Collins, Emile S. Gardiner, Mohammad Bataineh. 2024. The Response of Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) Seedling Roots to Fall Environmental Cues and Winter Flooding
- Emile S. Gardiner, Krishna P. Poudel, Theodor D. Leininger, Ray A. Souter, Randall J. Rousseau, Bini Dahal. 2024. Early dynamics of carbon accumulation as influenced by spacing of a Populus deltoides planting
- Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger, Kristina Connor, Margaret Devall, Paul Hamel, Nathan Schiff, Dan D. Wilson. 2023. Leaf acclimation to soil flooding and light availability underlies photosynthetic capacity of Lindera melissifolia , an endangered shrub of bottomland forests in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA
- Steve Meadows, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger, Andrew W. Ezell. 2021. Silvicultural options for young bottomland oak-dominated plantations on former agricultural lands
- Ted Leininger, Emile S. Gardiner, Brian R. Lockhart, Nathan Schiff, Dan D. Wilson, Margaret Devall, Paul Hamel, Kristina F. Connor. 2021. Intensity and mode of Lindera melissifolia reproduction are affected by flooding and light availability
- Ying Ouyang, Ted Leininger, Heidi Renninger, Emile S. Gardiner, Lisa Samuelson. 2021. A model to assess eastern cottonwood water flow using adjusted vapor pressure deficit associated with a climate change imact application
- Linda K. Petersson, Magnus Löf, Anna M. Jensen, Daryl R. Chastain, Emile S. Gardiner. 2020. Sprouts of shoot-clipped oak (Quercus alba and Q. robur) germinants show morphological and photosynthetic acclimation to contrasting light environments
- Linda K. Petersson, Daniel C. C. Dey, Annika M. Felton, Emile S. Gardiner, Magnus Löf. 2020. Influence of canopy openness, ungulate exclosure, and low‐intensity fire for improved oak regeneration in temperate Europe
- Magnus Löf, Jorge Castro, Mattias Engman, Alexandro B. Leverkus, Palle Madsen, Jose A. Reque, Adrian Villalobos, Emile S. Gardiner. 2019. Tamm Review: Direct seeding to restore oak (Quercus spp.) forests and woodlands
- Emile S. Gardiner, Solomon Ghezehei, William Headlee, Jim Richardson, Raju Soolanayakanahally, Brian Stanton, Ronald S. Zalesny Jr. 2018. The 2018 Woody Crops International Conference, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA, 22–27 July 2018
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger, Paul Hamel, Dan D. Wilson, Margaret Devall, Nathan Schiff, Kristina F. Connor. 2018. Biomass accumulation in the endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia as affected by gradients of light availability and soil flooding
- Michael S. Strickland, Mac A. Callaham, Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, Jonathan W. Leff, Noah Fierer, Mark A. Bradford. 2017. Response of soil microbial community composition and function to a bottomland forest restoration intensity gradient
- Rebecka Mc Carthy, Magnus Löf, Emile S. Gardiner. 2017. Early root development of poplars ( Populus spp.) in relation to moist and saturated soil conditions
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger, Margaret Devall, Dan D. Wilson, K. F. Connor, Paul Hamel, Nathan Schiff. 2017. Light availability and soil flooding regulate photosynthesis of an imperiled shrub in lowland forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA
- Ronald S. Zalesny Jr., John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, Gary S. Bañuelos, Richard Hallett, Amir Hass, Craig M. Stange, James H. H. Perdue, Timothy M. Young, David R. Coyle, William L. Headlee. 2016. Environmental technologies of woody crop production systems
- John A. Stanturf, Ronald S. Zalesny Jr., Emile S. Gardiner, James H. H. Perdue, Timothy M. Young, David R. Coyle, William L. Headlee, Gary S. Ba??uelos, Amir Hass. 2016. Ecosystem services of woody crop production systems
- Ray Souter, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodor D. Leininger, Dana Mitchell, Robert Rummer. 2015. Eastern cottonwood and black willow biomass crop production in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley under four planting densities
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger. 2015. Initial response of pondberry released from heavy shade
- Emile S. Gardiner. 2015. Outlook for Mississippi Alluvial Valley forests: a subregional report from the Southern Forest Futures Project
- Rochelle Brazas Bailey, Randall J. Rousseau, Emile S. Gardiner, Jason C. Mack. 2014. Black willow tree improvement: development of a biomass species for marginal agricultural land in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley
- J.G. Isebrands, P. Aronsson, M. Carlson, R. Ceulemans, M. Coleman, N. Dickinson, J. Dimitriou, S. Doty, Emile S. Gardiner, K. Heinsoo, J.D. Johnson, Y.B. Koo, J. Kort, J. Kuzovkina, L. Licht, A.R. McCracken, I. McIvor, P. Mertens, K. Perttu, D. Riddell-Black, B. Robins, G. Scarascia-Mugnozza, W.R. Schroeder, John A. Stanturf, T.A. Volk, M. Weih. 2014. Environmental applications of poplars and willows
- R.J. Rousseau, Ted Leininger, B.L. Herrin, Emile S. Gardiner. 2013. Evaluating the potential of black willow as a viable biomass species for the LMAV
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger, Paul Hamel, Kristina F. Connor, Margaret Devall, Nathan Schiff, Dan D. Wilson. 2013. Lindera melissifolia responses to flood durations and light regimes suggest strategies for recovery and conservation
- Kris Connor, G.M. Schaefer, J.B. Donahoo, Margaret Devall, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger, Dan D. Wilson, Nathan Schiff, Paul Hamel, Stan Zarnoch. 2013. Lindera melissifolia seed bank study in a lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley bottomland forest
- Randell J. Rousseau, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger. 2012. Development of a black willow improvement program for biomass production in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley
- Douglass F. Jacobs, Rosa C. Goodman, Emile S. Gardiner, K Frances Salifu, Ron Overton, George Hernandez. 2012. Nursery stock quality as an indicator of bottomland hardwood forest restoration success in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley
- Anna M. Jensen, Emile S. Gardiner, Kevin C. Vaughn. 2012. High-light acclimation in Quercus robur L.seedlings upon over-topped a shaded environment
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Theran Stautz, Ted Leininger. 2012. Development and plasticity of endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) seedlings under contrasting light regimes
- Randall J. Rousseau, Emile S. Gardiner, Ted Leininger. 2012. Development of an applied black willow tree improvement program for biomass production in the south
- Daniel C. C. Dey, Alejandro A. Royo, Emile S. Gardiner, Luis Mario Cardenas. 2012. Sustaining Quercus humboldtii and Colombobalanus excelsa on the Colombian landscape: preservation or conservation - a research perspective
- Jake C. Camp, Randall J. Rousseau, Emile S. Gardiner. 2012. Longer black willow cuttings result in better initial height and diameter growth in biomass plantations
- Daniel C. C. Dey, Emile S. Gardiner, Callie Schweitzer, John M. Kabrick, Douglass F. Jacobs. 2012. Underplanting to sustain future stocking of oak (Quercus) in temperate deciduous forests
- Daniel C. C. Dey, Alejandro A. Royo, Emile S. Gardiner, Luis Mario Cardenas. 2012. Sustaining Quercus humboltii and Colombobalanus excelsa on the Colombian landscape: preservation or conservation - a research perspective
- Alexander Sinz, Emile S. Gardiner, Brian R. Lockhart, Ray Souter. 2011. Morphological acclimation and growth of ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) advance regeneration following overstory harvesting in a Mississippi River floodplain forest
- Anna M. Jensen, Magnus Lof, Emile S. Gardiner. 2011. Effects of above- and below-ground competition from shrubs on photosynthesis, transpiration and growth in Quercus robur L
- Emile S. Gardiner, Daniel C. C. Dey, John A. Stanturf, Brian R. Lockhart. 2010. Approaches to restoration of oak forests on farmed lowlands of the Mississippi River and its tributaries
- Emile S. Gardiner, Benjamin P. Hogue. 2010. Biomass accumulation patterns of Nuttall oak seedlings established under three stand conditions
- Daniel C. C. Dey, Emile S. Gardiner, John M. Kabrick, John A. Stanturf, Douglass F. Jacobs. 2010. Innovations in afforestation of agricultural bottomlands to restore native forests in the eastern USA
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodor D. Leininger, Kristina F. Connor, Margaret Devall, Paul Hamel, Tracy S. Hawkins, Nathan Schiff, A. Dan Wilson. 2009. Linking stakeholder research needs and the federal data quality act: a case study of an endangered forest shrub in the southeastern Unitd States
- John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, J.P Shepard, Callie Schweitzer, C.J Portwood, L.C Dorros. 2009. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forest across a treatment intensity gradient.
- Emile S. Gardiner, Joseph J. O'Brien, M. Löf, John A. Stanturf, P. Madsen. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur established for stand conversion from Picea abies
- Tracy S. Hawkins, Emile S. Gardiner, Greg S. Comer. 2009. Modeling the relationship between extractable chlorophyll and SPAD-502 readings for endangered plant species research
- Rosa C. Goodman, Douglass F. Jacobs, Kent G. Apostol, Barrett C. Wilson, Emile S. Gardiner. 2009. Winter variation in physiological status of cold stored and freshly lifted semi-evergreen quercus nigra seedlings
- John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, James P. Shepard, Callie Schweitzer, C. Jeffrey Portwood, Lamar C. Jr. Dorris. 2009. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests across a treatment intensity gradient
- Emile S. Gardiner, Magnus Lof, Joseph J. O'Brien, John A. Stanturf, Palle Madsen. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of fagus sylvatica and quercus robur established for stand conversion from picea abies
- Emile S. Gardiner, Douglass F. Jacobs, Ronald P. Overton, George Hernandez. 2009. Root-collar diameter and third-year survival of three bottomland hardwoods planted on former agricultural fields in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley
- Tracy S. Hawkins, Nathan Schiff, Theodor D. Leininger, Emile S. Gardiner, Margaret Devall, Paul Hamel, Dan D. Wilson, Kristina F. Connor. 2009. Growth and intraspecific competitive abilities of the dioecious Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) in varied flooding regimes
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Daniel C. C. Dey. 2008. Tenth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings
- Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, Ted Leininger, Paul Hamel, L. Jr. Dorris, J. Portwood, J. Shepard. 2008. Establishing a research and demonstration area initiated by managers: the Sharkey Restoration Research and Demonstration Site
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, John D. Hodges, Andrew W. Ezell. 2008. Carbon allocation and morphology of cherrybark oak seedlings and sprouts under three light regimes
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodor Leininger, John A. Stanturf. 2008. A stand-development approach to oak afforestation in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley
- Emile S. Gardiner, K. Francis Salifu, Douglass F. Jacobs, George Hernandez, Ronald P. Overton. 2007. Field performance of Nuttall Oak on former agricultural fields: Initial effects of nursery source and competition control
- Rosa C. Goodman, Kent G. Apostol, Douglass F. Jacobs, Barrett C. Wilson, Emile S. Gardiner. 2007. Comparing cold-stored and freshly lifted water oak (Quercus nigra) seedlings based on physiological parameters
- Emile S. Gardiner, K. Francis Salifu, Douglass F. Jacobs, George Hernandez, Ronald P. Overton. 2007. Field performance of Nuttall oak on former agricultural fields: Initial effects of nursery source and competition control
- Susan B. Adams, Paul Hamel, Kris Connor, Bryce Burke, Emile S. Gardiner, David Wise. 2007. Potential roles of fish, birds, and water in swamp privet (Forestiera acuminata) seed dispersal
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Theran P. Stautz, Theodore D. Leininger, Paul Hamel, Kristina F. Connor, Nathan Schiff, Dan D. Wilson, Margaret Devall. 2007. Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for pondberry
- Tracy S. Hawkins, Nathan Schiff, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodore Leininger, Margaret Devall, Dan D. Wilson, Paul Hamel, Deborah D. McCown, Kristina Connor. 2007. Micropropagation of the endangered shrub pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume)
- Emile S. Gardiner, Brian Roy Lockhard. 2007. Bottomland oak afforestation in the lower Mississippi
- Kristina Connor, Gretchen Schaefer, Jillian Donahoo, Margaret Devall, Emile S. Gardiner, Tracy S. Hawkins, Dan D. Wilson, Nathan Schiff, Paul Hamel, Ted Leininger. 2007. Development, fatty acid composition, and storage of drupes and seeds from the endangered pondberry (Lindera melissifolia)
- Stephen P. Faulkner, Jim L. Chambers, William H. Conner, Richard F. Keim, John W. Day, Emile S. Gardiner, Melinda S. Hughes, Sammy L. King, Kenneth W. McLeod, Craig A. Miller, J. Andrew Nyman, Gary P. Shaffer. 2007. Chapter 16 - conservation and use of coastal wetland forests in Louisiana
- Ken W. Krauss, Robert R. Twilley, Thomas w. Doyle, Emile S. Gardiner. 2006. Leaf gas exchange characteristics of three neotropical mangrove species in response to varying hydroperiod
- Richard F. Keim, Jim L. Chambers, Melinda S. Hughes, J. Andrew Nyman, Craig A. Miller, Blake J. Amos, William H. Conner, John W. Day, Stephen P. Faulkner, Emile S. Gardiner, Sammy L. King, Kenneth W. McLeod, Gary P. Shaffer. 2006. Ecological consequences of changing hydrological conditions in wetland forests of coastal Louisiana
- Jim L. Chambers, Richard F. Keim, William H. Conner, John W. Jr. Day, Stephen P. Faulkner, Emile S. Gardiner, Melinda s. Hughes, Sammy L. King, Kenneth W. McLeod, Craig A. Miller, J. Andrew Nyman, Gary P. Shaffer. 2006. Conservation of Louisiana's coastal wetland forests
- Emile S. Gardiner. 2006. Early response of interplanted nuttall oak to release from an eastern cottonwood overstory
- Richard F. Keim, Jim L. Chambers, Melinda S. Hughes, Emile S. Gardiner, William H. Conner, John W. Day, Stephen P. Faulkner, Kenneth W. McLeod, Craig A. Miller, J. Andrew Nyman, Gary P. Shaffer, Luben D. Dimov. 2006. Long-term success of stump sprout regeneration in baldcypress
- Callie Schweitzer, Emile S. Gardiner, David Loftis. 2006. Response of sun-grown and shade-grown northern red oak seedlings to outplanting in clearcuts and shelterwoods in North Alabama
- Calvin E. Meier, John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner. 2006. Litterfall in the hardwood forest of a minor alluvial-floodplain
- Brian R. Lockhart, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodore D. Leininger, Kristina F. Connor, Paul Hamel, Nathan Schiff, Dan D. Wilson, Margaret Devall. 2006. Flooding facility helps scientists examine the ecophysiology of floodplain species used in bottomland hardwood restorations
- Emile S. Gardiner, Jimmie L. Yeiser. 2006. Underplanting cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings on a bottomland site in the southern United States
- Kristina Connor, G.M. Schafer, J. Donahoo, Margaret Devall, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodor D. Leininger, Dan D. Wilson, Nathan Schiff, Paul Hamel, Craig Echt. 2006. A study of the early fruit characteristics of pondberry
- Emile S. Gardiner, James M. Oliver. 2005. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests in Lower Mississippi Aluvial Valey, U.S.A
- Douglass F. Jacobs, Emile S. Gardiner, K. Francis Salifu, Ronald P. Overton, George Hernandez, M. Elizabeth Corbin, Kevyn E. Wightman, Marcus F. Selig. 2005. Seedling Quality Standards for Bottomland Hardwood Afforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: Preliminary Results
- John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, Kenneth Outcalt, William H. Conner, Jim M. Guldin. 2004. Restoration of southern ecosystems
- John A. Stanturf, William H. Conner, Emile S. Gardiner, Callie Schweitzer, Andrew W. Ezell. 2004. Recognizing and Overcoming Difficult Site Conditions for Afforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods
- John A. Stanturf, Palle Madsen, Emile S. Gardiner. 2004. Silviculture for restoration of degraded temperate and boreal forests
- Benoit Moreau, Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, Ronald K. Fisher. 2004. Estimating Leaf Nitrogen of Eastern Cottonwood Trees with a Chlorophyll Meter
- Emile S. Gardiner, John D. Hodges, T. Conner Fristoe. 2004. Flood Plain Topography Affects Establishment Success of Direct-Seeded Bottomland Oaks
- Benjamin P. Ware, Emile S. Gardiner. 2004. Partial Cutting and Establishment of Artificial Nuttall Oak Regeneration in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
- Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, Callie Schweitzer. 2004. An Afforestation System for Restoring Bottomland Hardwood Forests: Biomass Accumulation of Nuttall Oak Seedlings Interplanted Beneath Eastern Cottonwood
- Emile S. Gardiner, Katrine Hahn, Magnus Löf. 2003. Introduction: Forest restoration in temperate and boreal zones
- Brian R. Lockhart, John D. Hodges, Emile S. Gardiner, Andrew W. Ezell. 2003. Photosynthate distribution patterns in cherrybark oak seedling sprouts
- John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, Melvin L. Warren. 2003. Restoring Forested Wetland Ecosystems
- Ronald K. Fisher, Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, C. Jeffrey Portwood. 2002. Disking Effects of Fifth-Year Volume Production of Four Eastern Cottonwood Clones Established on an Afforestation Site, Sharkey County, Mississippi
- Emile S. Gardiner. 2002. Photosynthetic Light Response of Bottomland Oak Seedlings Raised Under Partial Sunlight
- Emile S. Gardiner, Callie Schweitzer, John A. Stanturf. 2001. Photosynthesis of Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palm.) seedlings interplanted beneath an eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex Marsh.) nurse crop
- Paul Hamel, James S. Meadows, Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf. 2001. Chainsaws, Canebrakes, and Cotton Fields: Sober Thoughts on Silviculture for Songbirds in Bottomland Forests
- Emile S. Gardiner, Ken W. Krauss. 2001. Photosynthetic light response of flooded cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda) seedlings grown in two light regimes
- Emile S. Gardiner. 2001. Ecology of bottomland oaks in the southeastern United states
- John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, Paul Hamel, Margaret Devall, Theodor D. Leininger, Melvin E. Warren. 2000. Restoring bottomland hardwood ecosystems in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley
- Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf. 2000. Planting Bottomland Hardwoods for Wildlife in the Delta
- Emile S. Gardiner, D. Ramsey Russell, John D. Hodges, T. Conner Fristoe. 2000. Impacts of mechanical tree felling on development of water tupelo regeneration in the Mobile Delta, Alabama
- Emile S. Gardiner, D. Ramsey Russell, Mark Oliver, Lamar C. Dorris. 2000. Bottomland hardwood afforestation: State of the art
- Brian R. Lockhart, John D. Hodges, Emile S. Gardiner. 2000. Response of Advance Cherrybark Oak Reproduction to Midstory Removal and Shoot Clipping
- Palle Madsen, Ása Arad•ttir, Emile S. Gardiner, Pelle Gemmel, Kåre Lund Høie, Magnus Löf, John A. Stanturf, Peter Tigerstedt, Hardi Tullus, Sauli Valkonen, Veiko Uri. 2000. Forest restoration in the Nordic countries
- Callie Schweitzer, Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, Andrew W. Ezell. 1999. Methods to improve establishment and growth of bottomland hardwood artificial regeneration
- Emile S. Gardiner, Jimmie L. Yeiser. 1999. Establishment and Growth of Cherrybark Oak Seedlings Underplanted Beneath a Partial Overstory in a Minor Bottom of Southwestern Arkansas: First Year Results
- Callie Schweitzer, Emile S. Gardiner, John A. Stanturf, Andrew W. Ezell. 1999. Methods to Improve Establishment and Growth of Bottomland Hardwood Artificial Regeneration
- Calvin E. Meier, John A. Stanturf, Emile S. Gardiner, Paul Hamel, Melvin L. Warren. 1999. A Quantitative Assessment of the Structure and Functions of a Mature Bottomland Hardwood Community: The Iatt Creek Ecosystem Site
- John A. Stanturf, Callie Schweitzer, Emile S. Gardiner. 1998. Afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, U.S.A.
- Emile S. Gardiner, John D. Hodges. 1998. Growth and biomass distribution of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings as influenced by light availability
- Emile S. Gardiner, Lisa M. Helmig. 1997. Development of water oak stump sprouts under a partial overstory
- Mississippi State University, Ph.D., Forestry, 1994
- Louisiana State University, M.S., Wildlife Management, 1988
- Louisiana State University, B.S., Forestry/Wildlife option, 1986
Last updated June 5, 2026