Eric J. Gustafson, PhD

Treesearch Publications

• Eric J. Gustafson, Dustin Bronson, Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione, Robert A. Slesak, Deahn Donner. 2025. Measuring and modeling waterlogging tolerance to predict the future for threatened lowland ash forests
• Eric J. Gustafson, Nathan R. DeJager, Amanda M. McGraw, Christel C. Kern, John M. Kabrick. 2025. Effects of ungulate browsing on forest assisted migration strategies to conserve ecosystem function
• Zaixing Zhou, Eric J. Gustafson, Scott V Ollinger, Andrew Ouimette, Brian R. Miranda, Matthew Duveneck, Jane Foster, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Dustin Bronson, Danelle Laflower. 2025. Integrating nitrogen and carbon cycling into LANDIS-II/PnET-Succession to improve forest landscape modeling: methods and sensitivity analyses
• Eric J. Gustafson, Melissa S. Lucash, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Colin Mast, Neil Williams. 2025. Climate change threatens the sustainability of current timber harvesting practices across a latitudinal gradient in Siberia
• Casey C. Day, Patrick A. Zollner, Jonathan H. Gilbert, Eric J. Gustafson. 2025. Integrating mechanistic models of landscape change and animal behavior to measure functional connectivity
• Gordon Reese, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Caren C. Dymond, Kathleen M. Quigley, Matthew Duveneck, Melissa S. Lucash, Eric J. Gustafson, Robert M. Scheller, Matthew B. Russell, Brian R. Miranda. 2025. Best practices for calibration of forest landscape models using fine-scaled reference information
• Eric J. Gustafson, Melissa S. Lucash, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Hana Matsumoto. 2024. Climate change and disturbance interact to alter landscape reflectivity (albedo) in boreal forests across a large latitudinal gradient in Siberia
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda, Matthew J. Duveneck. 2024. Overcoming conceptual hurdles to accurately represent trees as cohorts in forest landscape models
• Neil G. Williams, Melissa S. Lucash, Marc R. Ouellette, Thomas Brussel, Eric J. Gustafson, Shelby A. Weiss, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Dmitry G. Schepaschenko, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko. 2023. Simulating dynamic fire regime and vegetation change in a warming Siberia
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Zaixing Zhou. 2023. PnET-Succession v 5.1: Comprehensive description of an ecophysiological succession extension within the LANDIS-II forest landscape model
• Alejandro A. Royo, Patricia Raymond, Christel C. Kern, Bryce T. Adams, Dustin Bronson, Emilie Champagne, Daniel Dumais, Eric J. Gustafson, Paula E. Marquardt, Amanda M. McGraw, Jessica R. Miesel, Alison D. Munson, Catherine Périé, Felipe J. Tavares Moreira, Anne Ola, Mathieu Bouchard, Jean-François Bissonnette. 2023. Desired REgeneration through Assisted Migration (DREAM): Implementing a research framework for climate-adaptive silviculture
• Eric J. Gustafson, Christel C. Kern, John M. Kabrick. 2023. Can assisted tree migration today sustain forest ecosystem goods and services for the future?
• Yu Liang, Eric J. Gustafson, Hong S. He, Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, Matthew J. Duveneck, Jonathan R. Thompson. 2023. What is the role of disturbance in catalyzing spatial shifts in forest composition and tree species biomass under climate change?
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. Miranda, Tyler J. Dreaden, Cornelia Wilson, Douglass F. Jacobs. 2022. Beyond blight: Phytophthora root rot under climate change limits populations of reintroduced American chestnut
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. Miranda, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2020. Simulating Growth and Competition on Wet and Waterlogged Soils in a Forest Landscape Model
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2020. How do forest landscapes respond to elevated CO₂ and ozone? Scaling Aspen‐FACE plot‐scale experimental results
• Eric J. Gustafson, Christel C. Kern, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Dustin Bronson, John M. Kabrick. 2020. Climate adaptive silviculture strategies: How do they impact growth, yield, diversity and value in forested landscapes?
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2019. How has the state-of-the-art for quantification of landscape pattern advanced in the twenty-first century?
• Eric J. Gustafson, Mark E. Kubiske, Brian R. Miranda, Yasutomo Hoshika, Elena Paoletti. 2018. Extrapolating plot-scale CO₂ and ozone enrichment experimental results to novel conditions and scales using mechanistic modeling
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Arjan M. G. de Bruijn, Nathanael Lichti, Douglass F. Jacobs, Daniel M. Kashian, Brian R. Miranda, Philip A. Townsend. 2018. Forecasting effects of tree species reintroduction strategies on carbon stocks in a future without historical analog
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2018. Can Future CO₂ Concentrations Mitigate the Negative Effects of High Temperature and Longer Droughts on Forest Growth?
• Melissa S. Lucash, Robert M. Scheller, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Eric J. Gustafson, Alec M. Kretchun, Jane R. Foster. 2018. More than the sum of its parts: how disturbance interactions shape forest dynamics under climate change
• Yu Liang, Matthew J. Duveneck, Eric J. Gustafson, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Jonathan R. Thompson. 2018. How disturbance, competition, and dispersal interact to prevent tree range boundaries from keeping pace with climate change
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. Miranda, Arjan M.G. De Bruijn, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Mark E. Kubiske. 2017. Do rising temperatures always increase forest productivity? Interacting effects of temperature, precipitation, cloudiness and soil texture on tree species growth and competition
• Matthew Duveneck, Jonathan R. Thompson, Eric J. Gustafson, Yu Liang, Arjan M. G. de Bruijn. 2017. Recovery dynamics and climate change effects to future New England forests
• Stephen R. R. Shifley, Hong S. He, Heike Lischke, Wen J. Wang, Wenchi Jin, Eric J. Gustafson, Jonathan R. Thompson, Frank R. Thompson, William D. Dijak, Jian Yang. 2017. The past and future of modeling forest dynamics: from growth and yield curves to forest landscape models
• Melissa S. Lucash, Robert M. Scheller, Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2017. Spatial resilience of forested landscapes under climate change and management
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2017. Simulating forest management and its effect on landscape pattern
• Eric J. Gustafson, Arjan de Bruijn, Nathanael Lichti, Douglass F. Jacobs, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Jane Foster, Brian R. Miranda, Harmony J. Dalgleish. 2017. The implications of American chestnut reintroduction on landscape dynamics and carbon storage
• Nathan R. De Jager, Patrick J. Drohan, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Susan L. Stout, Alejandro A. Royo, Eric J. Gustafson, Mark C. Romanski. 2017. Simulating ungulate herbivory across forest landscapes: A browsing extension for LANDIS-II
• Eric J. Gustafson, Melissa Lucash, Johannes Liem, Helen Jenny, Rob Scheller, Kelly Barrett, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2016. Seeing the future impacts of climate change and forest management: a landscape visualization system for forest managers
• Eric J. Gustafson, Arjan M. G. De Bruijn, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, J. Thompson. 2016. Implications of mechanistic modeling of drought effects on growth and competition in forest landscape models
• Eric J. Gustafson, Douglas J. Shinneman. 2015. Approaches to modeling landscape-scale drought-induced forest mortality
• Eric J. Gustafson, Arjan M.G. De Bruijn, Robert E. Pangle, Jean-Marc Limousin, Nate G. McDowell, William T. Pockman, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Jordan D. Muss, Mark E. Kubiske. 2015. Integrating ecophysiology and forest landscape models to improve projections of drought effects under climate change
• Arjan de Bruijn, Eric J. Gustafson, Daniel M. Kashian, Harmony J. Dalgleish, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Douglass F. Jacobs. 2014. Decomposition rates of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) wood and implications for coarse woody debris pools
• Dennis V. Dayneko, Eric J. Gustafson. 2014. Institutional innovations in the forest industry in Russia: a case study of Irkutsk province
• A. De Bruijn, Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, J.R. Foster, Brian R. Miranda, N.I. Lichti, D.F. Jacobs. 2014. Toward more robust projections of forest landscape dynamics under novel environmental conditions: embedding PnET within LANDIS-II
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2014. Applicability of predictive models of drought-induced tree mortality between the midwest and northeast United States
• Eric J. Gustafson, Mark E. Kubiske, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda. 2013. Scaling Aspen-FACE experimental results to century and landscape scales
• Dennis V. Dayneko, Eric J. Gustafson. 2013. The history and future of the forest industry of Irkutsk province
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2013. When relationships estimated in the past cannot be used to predict the future: using mechanistic models to predict landscape ecological dynamics in a changing world
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2013. Using expert knowledge in landscape ecology [Book review]
• Benjamin P. Pauli, Nicholas P. McCann, Patrick A. Zollner, Robert Cummings, Jonathan H. Gilbert, Eric J. Gustafson. 2013. Spatially explicit animal response to composition of habitat
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2013. Modeling forest mortality caused by drought stress: implications for climate change
• Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Eric J. Gustafson, A. David McGuire, Vjacheslav I. Kharuk, Dmitry G. Schepaschenko, Herman H. Shugart, Nadezhda M. Tchebakova, Natalia N. Vygodskaya, Alexander A. Onuchin, Daniel J. Hayes, Ian McCallum, Shamil Maksyutov, Ludmila V. Mukhortova, Amber J. Soja, Luca Belelli-Marchesini, Julia A. Kurbatova, Alexander V. Oltchev, Elena I. Parfenova, Jacquelyn K. Shuman. 2012. Terrestrial ecosystems and their change
• Brian R. Miranda, Douglas J Shinneman, Eric J. Gustafson, Peter T. Wolter, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2012. Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2012. D. McKenzie, C. Miller and D.A. Falk, eds. The Landscape Ecology of Fire [book review]
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2011. Publishing landscape ecology research in the 21st Century
• Eric J. Gustafson, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Robert M. Scheller. 2011. Effectiveness of forest management strategies to mitigate effects of global change in south-central Siberia
• Eric J. Gustafson, Anatoly Shvidenko, Robert Scheller, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2011. Effectiveness of forest management strategies to mitigate effects of global change in Siberia
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Anatoly S. Shvidenko, Robert M. Scheller. 2010. Using landscape disturbance and succession models to support forest management
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2010. Ecological restoration [book review]
• Eric J. Gustafson, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Robert M. Scheller. 2010. Using LANDIS II to study the effects of global change in Siberia
• Richard Birdsey, R. Lucas, Yude Pan, Ge Sun, Eric J. Gustafson, A.H.  Perera. 2010. Managing landscapes at multiple scales for sustainability of ecosystem functions (Preface)
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2010. US-IALE Presidency: The Gustafson administration, 2002-2004
• Eric J. Gustafson, Anatoly D. Shvidenko, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Robert M. Scheller. 2010. Predicting global change effects on forest biomass and composition in south-central Siberia
• Robert M. Scheller, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Eric J. Gustafson, Brendan C. Ward, David J. Mladenoff. 2009. Increasing the reliability of ecological models using modern software engineering techniques
• A. Shvidenko, Eric J. Gustafson. 2009. Forest forming process and dynamic vegetation models under global change
• Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda, Jian Yang, Hong S. He, Eric J. Gustafson, Robert M. Scheller. 2009. Studying fire mitigation strategies in multi-ownership landscapes: balancing the management of fire-dependent ecosystems and fire risk
• Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Jian Yang, Eric J. Gustafson. 2009. Comparing fire spread algorithms using equivalence testing and neutral landscape models
• Eric J. Gustafson, Craig Loehle. 2008. How will the changing industrial forest landscape affect forest sustainability?
• Jian Yang, Hong S. He, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda, Eric J. Gustafson. 2008. Comparing effects of fire modeling methods on simulated fire patterns and succession: a case study in the Missouri Ozarks
• Patrick A. Zollner, L. Jay Roberts, Eric J. Gustafson, Hong S. He, Volker Radeloff. 2008. Influence of forest planning alternatives on landscape pattern and ecosystem processes in northern Wisconsin, USA
• Jian Yang, Hong S. Healy, Stephen R. R. Shifley, Eric J. Gustafson. 2007. Spatial patterns of modern period human-caused fire occurrence in the Missouri Ozark Highlands
• Eric J. Gustafson, David Lytle, Randy Swaty, Craig Loehle. 2007. Simulating the cumulative effects of multiple forest management strategies on landscape measures of forest sustainability
• Robert M. Scheller, James B. Domingo, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Jeremy S. Williams, Arnold Rudy, Eric J. Gustafson, David J. Mladenoff. 2007. Design, development, and application of LANDIS-II, a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution
• Eric J. Gustafson. 2007. Relative influence of the components of timber harvest strategies on landscape pattern
• Eric J. Gustafson, L. Jay Roberts, Larry A. Leefers. 2006. Linking linear programming and spatial simulation models to predict landscape effects of forest management alternatives
• Volker C. Radeloff, David J. Mladenoff, Eric J. Gustafson, Robert M. Scheller, Patrick A. Zollner, Hong S. Heilman, H. Resit Akcakaya. 2006. Modeling forest harvesting effects on landscape pattern in the Northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens
• Eric J. Gustafson, Craig Loehle. 2006. Effects of parcelization and land divestiture on forest sustainability in simulated forest landscapes
• Daniel Boyd Kramer, Stephen Polasky, Anthony Starfield, Brian J. J. Palik, Lynne M. Westphal, Stephanie Snyder, Pamela J. Jakes, Rachel Hudson, Eric J. Gustafson. 2006. A Comparison of Alternative Strategies for Cost-Effective Water Quality Management in Lakes
• Sari C. Saunders, Jiquan Chen, Thomas D. Drummer, Eric J. Gustafson, Kimberley D. Brosofske. 2005. Identifying scales of pattern in ecological data: a comparison of lacunarity, spectral and wavelet analyses
• Eric J. Gustafson, Volker C. Radeloff, Robert Potts. 2005. The relationship between environmental amenities and changing human settlement patterns between 1980 and 2000 in the Midwestern USA
• Hong S. He, Wei Li, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Jian Yang, Bo Z. Shang, Eric J. Gustafson, David J. Mladenoff. 2005. LANDIS 4.0 users guide. LANDIS: a spatially explicit model of forest landscape disturbance, management, and succession
• Kathleen M. Bergen, Daniel G. Brown, James F. Rutherford, Eric J. Gustafson. 2005. Change detection with heterogeneous data using ecoregional stratification, statistical summaries and a land allocation algorithm
• Patrick A. Zollner, Eric J. Gustafson, Hong S. He, Volker C. Radeloff, David J. Mladenoff. 2005. Modeling the Influence of Dynamic Zoning of Forest Harvesting on Ecological Succession in a Northern Hardwoods Landscape
• Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Patrick A. Zoller, Eric J. Gustafson, David T. Cleland. 2004. Human influence on the abundance and connectivity of high-risk fuels in mixed forests of northern Wisconsin, USA
• Hong S. He, Bo Z. Shang, Tom Crow, Eric J. Gustafson, Stephen R. R. Shifley. 2004. Simulating forest fuel and fire risk dynamics across landscapes--LANDIS fuel module design
• Jian Yang, Hong S. He, Eric J. Gustafson. 2004. A hierarchical fire frequency model to simulate temporal patterns of fire regimes in LANDIS
• Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Eric J. Gustafson, Wei Li, Hong S. He. 2004. Modeling biological disturbances in LANDIS: a module description and demonstration using spruce budworm
• Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Eric J. Gustafson, Hong S. He. 2004. Modeling disturbance and succession in forest landscapes using LANDIS: introduction
• Eric J. Gustafson, Patrick A. Zollner, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, S. He Hong, David J. Mladenoff. 2004. Influence of forest management alternatives and land type on susceptibility to fire in northern Wisconsin, USA
• Robert H. Gardner, Eric J. Gustafson. 2004. Simulating dispersal of reintroduced species within heterogeneous landscapes
• Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Patrick A. Zollner, Eric J. Gustafson, David T. Cleland. 2004. Human influence on the abundance and connectivity of high-risk fuels in mixed forests of northern Wisconsin, USA
• Robert Potts, Eric J. Gustafson, Susan I. Stewart, Frank R. Thompson, Kathleen Bergen, Daniel G. Brown, Roger Hammer, Volker Radeloff, David N. N. Bengston, John Sauer, Brian R. R. Sturtevant. 2004. The Changing Midwest Assessment: land cover, natural resources, and people
• Eric J. Gustafson, Sue M. Lietz, John Wright. 2003. Predicting the Spatial Distribution of Aspen Growth Potential in the Upper Great Lakes Region
• Eric J. Gustafson, Luke V. Rasmussen, Larry A. Leefers. 2003. Spec2Harv: Converting Spectrum output to HARVEST input
• Eugénie Euskirchen, Jiquan Chen, Eric J. Gustafson, Siyan Ma, Siyan Ma. 2003. Soil Respiration at Dominant Patch Types within a Managed Northern Wisconsin Landscape
• Larry A. Leefers, Eric J. Gustafson, Phillip Freeman. 2003. Linking Temporal-Optimization and Spatial-Simulation Models for Forest Planning
• Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Jiquan Chen, Eric J. Gustafson, Siyan Ma. 2003. Soil respiration at dominant patch types within a managed northern Wisconsin landscape
• Sari C. ​Saunders, Jiquan Chen, Thomas D. Drummer, Thomas R. Crow, Kimberley D. Brosofske, Eric J. Gustafson. 2002. The patch mosaic and ecological decomposition across spatial scales in a managed landscape of northern Wisconsin, USA
• Eric J. Gustafson, John Nestler, Louis Gross, Keith M. Reynolds, Daniel Yaussy, Thomas P. Maxwell, Virginia H. Dale. 2002. Evolving Approaches and Technologies to Enhance the Role of Ecological Modeling in Decision Making
• Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Jiquan Chen, Harbin Li, Eric J. Gustafson, Tom Crow. 2002. Modeling landscape net ecosystem productivity (LandNEP) under alternative management regimes
• Eric J. Gustafson, Luke V. Rasmussen. 2002. Assessing the spatial implications of interactions among strategic forest management options using a Windows-based harvest simulator.
• S. He Hong, David J. Mladenoff, Eric J. Gustafson. 2002. Study of landscape change under forest harvesting and climate warming-induced fire disturbance
• Eric J. Gustafson, Nathan L. Murphy, Tom Crow. 2001. Using a GIS model to assess terrestrial salamander response to alternative forest management plans
• Mark Twery, H. Michael Rauscher, Deborah J. Bennett, Scott Thomasma, Susan L. Stout, James F. Palmer, Robin E. Hoffman, David S. DeCalesta, Eric J. Gustafson, Helene Cleveland, J. Morgan Grove, Donald Nute, Geneho Kim, R. Peter Kollasch. 2000. NED-1: integrated analyses for forest stewardship decisions
• Mark Twery, H. Michael Rauscher, Deborah J. Bennett, Scott Thomasma, Susan L. Stout, James F. Palmer, Robin E. Hoffman, David S. DeCalesta, Eric J. Gustafson, Morgan Grove, Donald Nute, Geneho Kim, R. Peter Kollasch. 2000. NED-1: integrated analyses for forest stewardship decisions
• Eric J. Gustafson, Stephen R. R. Shifley, David J. Mladenoff, Kevin K. Nimerfro, Hong S. He. 2000. Spatial simulation of forest succession and timber harvesting using LANDIS
• Peter T. Fauth, Eric J. Gustafson, Kerry N. Rabenold. 2000. Using landscape metrics to model source habitat for Neotropical migrants in the midwestern U.S.
• Stephen R. R. Shifley, Frank R. Thompson, David R. Larsen, David J. Mladenoff, Eric J. Gustafson. 2000. Utilizing inventory information to calibrate a landscape simulation model
• Eric J. Gustafson, Tom Crow. 1999. HARVEST: linking timber harvesting strategies to landscape patterns
• Eric J. Gustafson, Tom Crow. 1998. Simulating spatial and temporal context of forest management using hypothetical landscapes
• Eric J. Gustafson. 1998. Clustering Timber Harvests and the Effects of Dynamic Forest Management Policy on Forest Fragmentation
• Eric J. Gustafson. 1998. Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art?
• Marty Spetich, George R. Parker, Eric J. Gustafson. 1997. Spatial and Temporal Relationships of Old-Growth and Secondary Forests in Indiana, USA
• Swee May Tang, Eric J. Gustafson. 1997. Perception of scale in forest management planning: Challenges and implications
• Eric J. Gustafson, Tom Crow. 1996. Simulating the Effects of Alternative Forest Management Strategies on Landscape Structure
• Eric J. Gustafson. 1996. Expanding the scale of forest management: allocating timber harvests in time and space
• Eric J. Gustafson, George R. Parker. 1994. Using an index of habitat patch proximity for landscape design
• Eric J. Gustafson, Tom Crow. 1994. Modeling the effects of forest harvesting on landscape structure and the spatial distribution of cowbird brood parasitism

Data and Tools

• Tool
  

  LANDIS Landscape Disturbance and Succession model

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/products/dataandtools/landis-landscape-disturbance-and-succession-model

• Project
  

  Future Forests, Water, and Quality of Life in Northeastern Minnesota

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/projects/future-forests
  Station

  Northern Research Station
• Experimental Forest or Range
  

  Rhinelander Experimental Forest

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/forestsandranges/locations/rhinelander
  Station

  Northern Research Station
• Project
  

  Ecological Shifts under Climate Change in Boreal and Arctic Forests

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/projects/ecologicalshiftsborealandarcticforests
  Station

  Northern Research Station
• Program
  

  Landscape Ecology and Sustainability in the Lake States Forests

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/programs/landscape-ecology
  Station

  Northern Research Station
• Project
  

  Strategies to Manage the Loss of Ash and Elm Trees

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/projects/ashelmloss
  Station

  Northern Research Station

Multimedia

• Webinars
  

  LANDIS-II: PnET Succession, Assisted Migration, and National Forest Planning

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/products/multimedia/webinars/landis-ii-pnet-succession-assisted-migration-and-national-forest

• Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Lafayette, IN., Ph.D., Landscape Ecology, 1992
• SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, M.S., Wildlife Ecology., 1983
• Wheaton College (IL), B.S., Biology., 1978