Jennifer Juzwik, PhD

Treesearch Publications

• Kylle Roy, Eva Brill, Dan Mikros, Kelsey Tobin, Jennifer Juzwik, Brandon Mcnellis, Douglass Jacobs, Lisa Keith, Dong H. Cha, Matthew Ginzel. 2025. The In Vitro and In Vivo Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds Associated with Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death and the Response of Xyleborine Ambrosia Beetles to those Compounds
• Anna Yang, Linda Haugen, David Mausel, John Lampereur, Tommy Stueck, Rebecca Montgomery, Jennifer Juzwik. 2024. Evaluation of the Root Rupture Method for Controlling Belowground Spread of the Oak Wilt Pathogen (Bretziella fagacearum) in Northeast Wisconsin, USA
• Kylle Roy, Dan Mikros, Dong H. Cha, Ellen J. Dunkle, Jennifer Juzwik, Matthew Ginzel. 2024. The efficacy of the semiochemical repellent verbenone to reduce ambrosia beetle attack on healthy and Ceratocystis-infested ‘ōhiʻa trees
• Vinni Thekkudan Novi, Hamada A. Aboubakr, Melanie J. Moore, Akli Zarouri, Jennifer Juzwik, Abdennour Abbas. 2024. A rapid LAMP assay for the diagnosis of oak wilt with the naked eye
• Jennifer Juzwik, Marc A. Hughes, Lisa M. Keith. 2024. Pathogenicity and colonization of Metrosideros polymorpha by Ceratocystis huliohia
• Gerard Sapes, Lucy Schroeder, Allison Scott, Isaiah Clark, Jennifer Juzwik, Rebecca A. Montgomery, J. Antonio Guzmán Q, Jeannine Cavender-Bares. 2024. Mechanistic links between physiology and spectral reflectance enable previsual detection of oak wilt and drought stress
• Ivette Acuña, Jorge Andrade-Piedra, Didier Andrivon, Josep Armengol, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Jacques Avelino, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Wubetu Bihon Legesse, Clive H. Bock, Federica Bove, Tania Brenes-Arguedas, Agnès Calonnec, Marcelo Carmona, Angus J. Carnegie, Nancy P. Castilla, Xianming Chen, Helvecio Della Coletta-Filho, Phyllis D. Coley, Kerik D. Cox, Triona Davey, Emerson Del Ponte, Sandra Denman, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Megan M. Dewdney, Annika Djurle, André Drenth, Alexis Ducousso, Paul Esker, Komi M. Fiaboe, Paul Hendrik Fourie, Susan J. Frankel, Pascal Frey, Sara Garcia-Figuera, Karen A. Garrett, Maxime Guérin, Giles E. St. J. Hardy, Hans Hausladen, Xiaoping Hu, Daniel Hüberli, Jennifer Juzwik, Zhensheng Kang, Lawrence Kenyon, Jan Kreuze, Peter Kromann, Jerome Kubiriba, Paulo Kuhnem, J. Kumar, P. Lava Kumar, Marc-Henri Lebrun, James P. Legg, Anna Leon, Zhanhong Ma, George Mahuku, Robert O. Makinson, Cristina Marzachi, Bruce A. McDonald, Neil McRoberts, Abebe Menkir, Alexey Mikaberidze, Isabel A. Munck, Andrew Nelson, Nga Thi Thu Nguyen, Emer O’Gara, Peter Ojiambo, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Pierce Paul, Sarah Pethybridge, Jean Pinon, Tod Ramsfield, David M. Rizzo, Vittorio Rossi, Irda Safni, Sonam Sah, Alberto Santini, Francisco Sautua, Serge Savary, Pepijn Schreinemachers, Manjari Singh, Erin R. Spear, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Leena Tripathi, Antonio Vicent, Altus Viljoen, Laetitia Willocquet, Alex John Woods, Boming Wu, Xianchun Xia, Xiangming Xu, Jonathan Yuen, Paul-Camilo Zalamea, Changyong Zhou. 2023. A global assessment of the state of plant health
• Anna Yang, Kendhl Seabright, Theresa Garrison, Adam Taylor, Scott Myers, Jennifer Juzwik. 2023. Oak wilt fungus (Bretziella fagacearum) survival in logs following fumigation with ethanedinitrile
• J. Antonio Guzmán Q., Jesús N. Pinto-Ledezma, David Frantz, Philip A. Townsend, Jennifer Juzwik, Jeannine Cavender-Bares. 2023. Mapping oak wilt disease from space using land surface phenology
• Linda Haugen, Jennifer Juzwik. 2023. Oak Wilt Management for Northern Forests
• Kelsey A. Bakken, Jodi A. Forrester, David J. Mladenoff, Zakiya Leggett, Jennifer Juzwik, Robert M. Jetton. 2023. Impacts of a Hickory Decline Event and Implications for Bitternut Hickory
• Susan J. Frankel, Jennifer Juzwik, David M. Rizzo. 2022. Forests (Oaks) in North America
• Jennifer Juzwik, Margaret E. McDermott-Kubeczko, Melanie J. Moore, Matthew Ginzel. 2022. Evaluation of Thousand Cankers Disease-Symptomatic Juglans nigra in Southwestern Ohio Following Population Collapse of Pityophthorus juglandis
• Marc A. Hughes, Jennifer Juzwik, Zhangjing Chen, Blaine Luiz, Lisa M. Keith. 2022. Evaluation of Kiln Heating as a Phytosanitary Treatment for Ceratocystis-Infested ‘Ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) Wood
• Philip Cannon, James B. Friday, Thomas Harrington, Lisa Keith, Marc Hughes, Rob Hauff, Flint F. Hughes, Ryan Perroy, David Benitez, Kylle Roy, Robert Peck, Sheri Smith, Blaine Luiz, Susan Cordell, Christian P. Giardina, Jennifer Juzwik, Stephanie Yelenik, Zachary Cook. 2022. Rapid ‘Ohi‘a death in Hawai‘i [Chapter 15]
• Jennifer Juzwik, Marc A. Hughes, Zhangjing Chen, Anna Yang, Lisa M. Keith, Marshall S. White. 2022. Vacuum Steam Treatment of Metrosideros polymorpha Logs for Eradication of Ceratocystis huliohia and C. lukuohia
• Gerard Sapes, Cathleen Lapadat, Anna K. Schweiger, Jennifer Juzwik, Rebecca Montgomery, Hamed Gholizadeh, Philip A. Townsend, John A. Gamon, Jeannine Cavender-Bares. 2022. Canopy spectral reflectance detects oak wilt at the landscape scale using phylogenetic discrimination
• Melanie J. Moore, Jennifer Juzwik, Olga Saiapina, Snober Ahmed, Anna Yang, Abdennour Abbas. 2022. Use of Sodium Hydroxide DNA Extraction Methods for Nested PCR Detection of Bretziella fagacearum in the Sapwood of Oak Species in Minnesota
• Denita Hadziabdic, Pierluigi Bonello, Richard Hamelin, Jennifer Juzwik, Bruce Moltzan, David Rizzo, Jane Stewart, Caterina Villari. 2021. The Future of Forest Pathology in North America
• K.A. Bakken, J.A. Forrester, D.J. Mladenoff, Z. Leggett, Jennifer Juzwik, R.M. Jetton. 2021. Mortality patterns following a hickory decline event – Is density reduction key to maintaining bitternut hickory?
• Marc A. Hughes, Jeffrey J. Morrell, Jed Cappallazzi, Bruce Mackey, Jennifer Juzwik, Lisa M.​​. Keith. 2021. Borate and quaternary ammonia dip diffusion to treat fungal pathogens of Metrosideros polymorpha wood
• Jennifer Juzwik, Anna Yang, Sarah Heller, Melanie Moore, Zhangjing Chen, Marshall White, Holly Wantuch, Matthew Ginzel, Ron Mack. 2021. Vacuum Steam Treatment Effectiveness for Eradication of the Thousand Cankers Disease Vector and Pathogen in Logs From Diseased Walnut Trees
• Jennifer Juzwik, Linda Haugen, Noel F. Schneeberger, Thomas J. Rawinski, John Rothlisberger, Therese M. M. Poland. 2021. Regional Summaries: Northeast Region
• Jennifer Juzwik, Linda Haugen, John Kyhl, Noel F. Schneeberger, John Rothlisberger, Therese M. M. Poland. 2021. Regional Summaries: Midwest Region
• Robert C. Venette, Doria R. Gordon, Jennifer Juzwik, Frank H. H. Koch, Andrew M. Liebhold, Robert K. D. Peterson, Sharlene E. Sing, Denys Yemshanov. 2021. Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses
• Therese M. M. Poland, Jennifer Juzwik, Allen Rowley, Cynthia Huebner, John Kilgo, Vanessa M. Lopez, Deanna H. Olson, Dean E. Pearson, Robert Progar, Robert Rabaglia, John Rothlisberger, Justin B. Runyon, Sharlene E. Sing. 2021. Management of Landscapes for Established Invasive Species
• Beth Fallon, Anna Yang, Cathleen Lapadat, Isabella Armour, Jennifer Juzwik, Rebecca Montgomery, Jeannine Cavender-Bares. 2020. Spectral differentiation of oak wilt from foliar fungal disease and drought is correlated with physiological changes
• Margaret E. McDermott-Kubeczko, Jennifer Juzwik, Sharon E. Reed, William E. Klingeman. 2020. Fungi Associated with Damage Observed on Branches of Juglans nigra in Indiana, Missouri, and Tennessee
• Jennifer Juzwik, Melanie J. Moore, Geoffrey Williams, Matthew Ginzel. 2020. Chapter 8 - Assessment and etiology of thousand cankers disease within the native range of black walnut (Juglans nigra)
• Marc A. Hughes, Jennifer Juzwik, Thomas C. Harrington, Lisa M. Keith. 2020. Pathogenicity, Symptom Development, and Colonization of Metrosideros polymorpha by Ceratocystis lukuohia
• Anna Yang, Kendhl Seabright, Jennifer Juzwik, Scott W. Myers, Adam Taylor. 2019. Survival of the oak wilt fungus in logs fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide
• Melanie J. Moore, Jennifer Juzwik, Fredric Miller, Leah Roberts, Matthew D. Ginzel. 2019. Detection of Geosmithia morbida on Numerous Insect Species in Four Eastern States
• Albert (Bud) E. Mayfield, Jennifer Juzwik, Jamison Scholer, John Vandenberg, Adam Taylor. 2019. Effect of bark application with Beauveria bassiana and permethrin insecticide on the walnut twig beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in black walnut bolts
• Jennifer Juzwik, Anna Yang, Zhangjing Chen, Marshall S. White, Sarah Shugrue, Ronald Mack. 2019. Vacuum Steam Treatment Eradicates Viable Bretziella fagacearum from Logs Cut from Wilted Quercus rubra
• Stephanie Jagemann, Jennifer Juzwik, Patrick Tobin, Kenneth F. Raffa. 2018. Seasonal and Regional Distributions, Degree-Day Models, and Phoresy Rates of the Major Sap Beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Vectors of the Oak Wilt Fungus, Bretziella fagacearum, in Wisconsin
• Renu Singh, Alexandra Feltmeyer, Olga Saiapina, Jennifer Juzwik, Brett Arenz, Abdennour Abbas. 2017. Rapid and PCR-free DNA detection by nanoaggregation-enhanced chemiluminescence
• A. Yang, Jennifer Juzwik. 2017. Use of Nested and Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Ceratocystis fagacearum in the Sapwood of Diseased Oak Species in Minnesota
• Glen R. Stanosz, Denise R. Smith, Jennifer Juzwik. 2016. Seasonal availability of inoculum of the Heterobasidion root disease pathogen in central Wisconsin
• Jennifer Juzwik, M. McDermott-Kubeczko, T. J. Stewart, M. D. Ginzel. 2016. First report of Geosmithia morbida on ambrosia beetles emerged from thousand cankers-diseased Juglans nigra in Ohio
• Sharon E. Reed, Jennifer Juzwik, James T. English, Matthew D. Ginzel. 2015. Colonization of artificially stressed black walnut trees by ambrosia beetle, bark beetle, and other weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Indiana and Missouri
• Jennifer Juzwik, Mark Banik, Sharon E. Reed, James T. English, Matthew D. Ginzel. 2015. Geosmithia morbida found on weevil species Stenominus pallidus in Indiana
• Jennifer Juzwik, Ji-Hyun Park, Linda Haugen. 2014. Chapter 9 - Assessment and etiology of hickory (Carya spp.) decline in the midwest and northeastern regions (Project NC-EM-07-01)
• J.-H. Park, Jennifer Juzwik. 2014. Ceratocystis smalleyi colonization of bitternut hickkory and host responses in the xylem
• Matthew Ginzel, Jennifer Juzwik. 2014. Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease, found in Indiana
• Mark Banik, Daniel Lindner, Jennifer Juzwik, Jessie A. Glaeser. 2013. Use of DNA sequencing to detect pathogenic, saprotrophic, and stain fungi in sapwood of declining red pine (Pinus resinosa) in the Upper Midwest
• Jennifer Juzwik, Hi-Hyun Park, Mark Banik, Linda Haugen. 2013. Biotic agents responsible for rapid crown decline and mortality of hickory in northeastern and north central USA
• Sharon Reed, James English, Jennifer Juzwik, Matt Ginzel. 2013. Bark and ambrosia beetles and their associated fungi colonizing stressed walnut in Missouri and Indiana
• J.-H. Park, Jennifer Juzwik, J. Cavender-Bares. 2013. Multiple Ceratocystis smalleyi infections associated with reduced stem water transport in bitternut hickory
• J.-H. Park, Jennifer Juzwik. 2012. Fusarium canker of bitternut hickory caused by Fusarium solani in the North-Central and Northeastern United States
• Jennifer Juzwik, Ji-Hyun Park. 2011. Additional pest surveyed: hickory decline
• Jennifer Juzwik, David N. Appel, William L. MacDonald, Susan Burks. 2011. Challenges and successes in managing oak wilt in the United States
• Michael E. Ostry, Robert C. Venette, Jennifer Juzwik. 2011. Decline as a disease category: Is it helpful?
• Jennifer Juzwik, Joseph O'Brien, Charles Evenson, Paul Castillo, Graham Mahal. 2010. Controlling spread of the oak wilt pathogen (Ceratocystis fagacearum) in a Minnesota urban forest park reserve
• S.C. ​Hokanson, V.M. Whitaker, J.M. Bradeen, M.C. Long, S.K. Krebs, R.A. Blanchette, Jennifer Juzwik, K. Zuzek, S. McNamara. 2010. Woody landscape plant breeding in Minnesota (45°N): It's not all about cold hardiness
• Jennifer Juzwik, Ji-Huyn Park, Linda Haugen. 2010. Hickory decline and mortality: Update on hickory decline research
• J.W."Jerry" Van Sambeek, Jennifer Juzwik. 2010. What's killing my walnuts -- how to find help
• Ryan A. Blaedow, Jennifer Juzwik, Brian Barber. 2010. Propiconazole distribution and effects on Ceratocystis fagacearum survival in roots of treated red oaks
• J.-H. Park, Jennifer Juzwik, Linda Haugen. 2010. Ceratocystis Canker of Bitternut Hickory Caused by Ceratocystis smalleyi in the North-Central and Northeastern United States
• Ryan A. Blaedow, Jennifer Juzwik. 2010. Spatial and temporal distribution of Ceratocystis fagacearum in roots and root grafts of oak wilt affected red oaks
• Marla c. Downing, Vernon L. Thomas, Jennifer Juzwik, David N. Appel, Robin M. Reich, Kim Camilli. 2008. Using classification tree analysis to predict oak wilt distribution in Minnesota and Texas
• Jennifer Juzwik. 2008. Methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin concentrations in bareroot forest nursery soils and above soil surface treatments following fumigation
• Maya Hayslett, Jennifer Juzwik, Bruce Moltzan. 2008. Three Colopterus beetle species carry the oak wilt fungus to fresh wounds on red oak in Missouri
• Kathryn W. Kromroy, Jennifer Juzwik, Paul Castillo, Mark H. Hansen. 2008. Using Forest Service forest inventory and analysis data to estimate regional oak decline and oak mortality
• Jennifer Juzwik, Thomas C. Harrington, William L. MacDonald, David N. Appel. 2008. The origin of Ceratocystis fagacearum, the oak wilt fungus
• Jennifer Juzwik, Linda Haugen, Ji-Hyun Park, Melanie J. Moore. 2008. Fungi associated with stem cankers and coincidental scolytid beetles on declining hickory in the upper midwest
• Kathleen T. Ward, Kathryn Kromroy, Jennifer Juzwik. 2007. Transformation of the oak forest spatial structure in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA over 7 years
• B.W. Schwingle, Jennifer Juzwik, J. Eggers, B. Moltzan. 2007. Phytophthora species in soils associated with declining and nondeclining oaks in Missouri forests
• Dong Wang, Stephen Fraedrich, Jennifer Juzwik, Kurt Spokas, Yi Zhang, William C. Koskinen. 2006. Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soil under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam-sodium and chloropicrin
• Tina Seeland, Michael E. Ostry, Robert C. Venette, Jennifer Juzwik. 2006. An annotated bibliography of invasive tree pathogens Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, Phytophthora alni, and Phytophthora quercina and a regulatory policy and management practices for invasive species
• Dong Wang, Stephen W. Fraedrich, Jennifer Juzwik, Kurt Spokas, Yi Zhang, William C. Koskinen. 2006. Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soils
• Kathryn Kromroy, Kathleen T. Ward, Paul Castillo, Jennifer Juzwik. 2006. Relationships between urbanization and the oak resource of the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area from 1991 to 1998
• Angie K. Ambourn, Jennifer Juzwik, Jordan E. Eggers. 2006. Flight periodicities, phoresy rates, and levels of Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus branch colonization in oak wilt centers
• Dong Wang, Jennifer Juzwik, Stephen Fraedrich. 2005. Emission and soil distribution of fumigants in forest tree nurseries
• D. Wang, Jennifer Juzwik, S.W. Fraedrich, K. Spokas, Y. Zhang, W.C. Koskinen. 2005. Atmospheric emissions of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin following soil fumigation and surface containment treatment in bare-root forest nurseries
• Angie K. Ambourn, Jennifer Juzwik, Roger D. Moon. 2005. Seasonal dispersal of the oak wilt fungus by Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi in Minnesota
• Kathleen T. Ward, Jennifer Juzwik. 2005. Change in the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Area Oak Forests from 1991 to 1998
• Jordan Eggers, Jennifer Juzwik, Shawn Bernick, Lori Mordaunt. 2005. Evaluation of propiconazole operational treatments of oaks for oak wilt control
• Robert J. Bartelt, John F. Kyhl, Angie K. Ambourn, Jennifer Juzwik, Steve J. Seybold. 2004. Male-produced aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus sayi, a nitidulid vector of oak wilt disease, and pheromonal comparison with Carpophilus lugubris
• Jennifer Juzwik, Thomas C. Skalbeck, Marc F. Newman. 2004. Sap beetle species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) visiting fresh wounds on healthy oaks during spring in Minnesota
• Dwight Scarbrough, Jennifer Juzwik. 2004. Native and exotic insects and diseases in forest ecosystems in the Hoosier-Shawnee ecological assessment area
• Kathleen T. Ward, Jennifer Juzwik, S. Bernick. 2004. Efficacy of Alamo for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of oak wilt in red oaks, 2004
• Kathryn Kromroy, Jennifer Juzwik, Paul Castillo. 2003. Use of USDA forest inventory and analysis data to assess oak tree health in Minnesota
• Jennifer Juzwik, Kathryn Kromroy, Raymond Allmaras. 2002. Comparison of tillage equipment for improving soil conditions and root health in bareroot nurseries
• John F. Kyhl, Robert J. Bartelt, Allard Cosse, Jennifer Juzwik, Steve J. Seybold. 2002. Semiochemical-mediated flight responses of sap beetle vectors of oak wilt, Ceratocystis fagacearum
• C. M. Ocamb, Jennifer Juzwik, F. B. Martin. 2002. Fusarium spp. and Pinus strobus seedlings: root disease pathogens and taxa associated with seed
• Jennifer Juzwik, Kathryn Kromroy, Raymond Allmaras. 2002. Comparison of Tillage for Improving Soil Conditions and Root Health in Barefoot Nurseries
• Kory R. Cease, Jennifer Juzwik. 2001. Predominant nitidulid species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) associated with spring oak wilt mats in Minnesota
• Jennifer Juzwik, Thomas L. Schmidt. 2000. Oak wilt and oak decline in the upper midwest USA
• Jennifer Juzwik. 2000. An oak wilt primer
• Jennifer Juzwik. 1999. Overland transmission of Ceratocystis fagacearum: extending our understanding
• Jennifer Juzwik, K. M. Gust, R. R. Allmaras. 1999. Influence of cultural practices on edaphic factors related to root disease in Pinus nursery seedlings
• Todd A. Burnes, Jennifer Juzwik, Robert A. Blanchette. 1999. Screening Pinus sylvestris grown for the production of Christmas trees for resistance to western gall rust Peridermium harknessii using different sources of aeciospores
• Jennifer Juzwik, Gary Johnson. 1999. Oak Wilt in Minnesota: It's Still Here and We're Doing Something About It!
• Jennifer Juzwik, Kory R. Cease, Jason M. Meyer. 1998. Acquisition of Ophiostoma quercus and Ceratocystis fagacearum by nitidulids from O. quercus-colonized oak wilt mats
• Elmer L. Schmidt, Jennifer Juzwik, Brian Schneider. 1997. Sulfuryl fluoride fumigation of red oak logs eradicates the oak wilt fungus
• Jennifer Juzwik, Jason M. Meyer. 1997. Colonization of oak wilt fungal mats by Ophiostoma piceae during spring in Minnesota
• Jennifer Juzwik, D. L. Stenlund, R.R. Allmaras, S. M. Copeland, Ronald E. McRoberts. 1997. Incorporation of tracers and dazomet by rotary tillers and a spading machine
• Jennifer Juzwik, David J. Rugg. 1996. Seedling mortality and development of root rot in white pine seedlings in two bare-root nurseries
• Cynthia M. Ocamb, Jennifer Juzwik. 1995. Fusarium species associated with rhizosphere soil and diseased roots of eastern white pine seedlings and associated nursery soil
• Jennifer Juzwik. 1993. Morphology, cultural characteristics, and pathogenicity of Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii on Picea spp. in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin

Citations of Non-Forest Service Publications

• Haugen, Linda; Juzwik, Jennifer; Chavez, Quinn; Crocker, Susan. 2022. Oak Wilt in the Northeastern and Midwestern States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Eastern Region. https://doi.org/10.2737/R9-2022-INT-OakWiltNEMW

• Program
  

  Restoration and Conservation of Rural and Urban Forests

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/programs/restoration
  Station

  Northern Research Station
• Partnership
  

  Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/partnerships/mitppc
  Station

  Northern Research Station

Multimedia

• Podcast
  

  Forestcast Season 3: Women of Research - Episode 7: A Life of Healthy Forests with Jenny Juzwik

  https://research.fs.usda.gov/nrs/products/multimedia/podcasts/forestcast-season-3-women-research-episode-7-life-healthy-forests

• University of Toronto, NSERC Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Diseases and insect pests of hybrid poplar trees in plantations located in Ontario, Canada, 1984
• University of Minnesota, Ph.D., Plant Pathology, 1983
• Colorado State University, M.Sc., Plant Pathology, 1978
• Fairmont State College, B.Sc., Biology, 1976