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- Dimensional tolerances of mass timber construction typically result in small gaps between mass timber panels. The Fire Design Specification prescribes that when gaps within elements exceed 3 mm the mass timber within the gap must be treated as fully fire-exposed surfaces. Therefore, many of these gaps must be filled with fire protection material. However, the process of protecting these gaps is time consuming and costly. To evaluate the influence of gaps on fire dynamics and char propagation, the authors performed a series of experiments on cross laminated timber panel- to-panel connections...AuthorsWyatt Garrett, Erica Fischer, Laura HasburghKeywordsSourceWorld Conference on Timber Engineering 2025Year2025
What Wood? Ghana Edition: Enhancing a Wood Identification Field Manual with Smartphone Functionality
In the late 2010s, the Timber Industry Development Division (TIDD) of the Ghana Forestry Commission sought to acquire International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) 17020:2012 accreditation. To meet the standard’s requirements, the TIDD, in cooperation with the US Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory, published a standardized wood identification field manual entitled Field Identification Manual for Ghanaian Timbers. To increase the accessibility and utility of this resource for inspectors in the field, this study transforme...AuthorsKyatt Spessert, Frank C. Owens, Adriana Costa, Alberta Asi Ebeheakey, Alex C. WiedenhoeftKeywordsSourceForest Products JournalYear2025- Deadwood can impact forest food webs through the creation of habitat and provision of resources, but impacts may differ based on initial differences in wood characteristics and over time. Bark beetles like the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman) attack and wound pine trees, inoculating them with Ophiostomataceae (Ascomycota; hereafter “blue stain fungi”). Blue stain fungi may increase termite presence in deadwood, and in the surrounding leaf litter, potentially leading to increased abundances of leaf litter invertebrates over time. The effects of deadwood in general,...AuthorsN. V Benedetto, J. J. Riggins, Juliet D. Tang, C. M. Siegert, J. Thomason, N. Dearing, N. A. ClayKeywordsSourceForest ScienceYear2025
- Wood–water interactions are central to wood science, technology, and engineering. In the early twentieth century, the term “fiber saturation point” was coined to refer to the point of transition from the domain where wood properties change with moisture content to the domain where wood properties are constant. This conceptual model assumed that the wood cell walls are water saturated at this transition point and that capillary water appears above this point. This has since then been contradicted by multiple studies. Additionally, the fiber saturation point has been associated with technique...AuthorsMaria Fredriksson, Emil Engelund Thybring, Samuel L. Zelinka, Samuel V. GlassKeywordsSourceCelluloseYear2025
- This paper is part of an interlaboratory study investigating the stability and performance of automated sorption balances. A previous paper in this study investigated the mass, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) stability of automated sorption balances by looking at the mass change of a non-hygroscopic sample over time. In this study, we examine the mass stability of wood samples held at constant RH for seven to ten days after a step change. The reason for the long hold times was to collect data to “operational equilibrium” where the change in mass is on the order of the inherent...AuthorsSamuel L. Zelinka, Samuel V. Glass, Natalia Farkas, Emil E. Thybring, Michael Altgen, Lauri Rautkari, Simon Curling, Jinzhen Cao, Yujiao Wang, Tina Künniger, Gustav Nyström, Christopher Hubert Dreimol, Ingo Burgert, Mark G. Roper, Darren P. Broom, Matthew Schwarzkopf, Arief Yudhanto, Mohammad Subah, Gilles Lubineau, Maria Fredriksson, Wiesław Olek, Jerzy Majka, Nanna Bjerregaard Pedersen, Daniel J. Burnett, Armando R. Garcia, Frieder Dreisbach, Louis Waguespack, Jennifer Schott, Luis G. Esteban, Alberto García‑Iruela, Thibaut Colinart, Romain Rémond, Brahim Mazian, Patrick Perré, Lukas EmmerichSourceAdsorptionYear2025
- The urgent need for climate change mitigation has increased the focus on reducing embodied carbon and energy, particularly in the construction sector. Utilizing sustainably sourced mass timber products provides a low-carbon alternative to traditional concrete and steel structural systems in buildings. These carbon impacts can be quantified by evaluating the total environmental impact of a building, from material extraction and product manufacturing to construction, operation, and demolition. This study evaluated the environmental impacts of a 14-storey mass timber–steel hybrid building in...AuthorsNadia Zahabi, Hongmei Gu, Meng Gong, Janet BlackadarKeywordsSourceBuildingsYear2025
- The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), D1990 details standard practices for establishing and maintaining design values for dimension lumber. Included in this standard are statistical methods for detecting changes in dimension lumber properties over time. A characteristic (or design) value, also known as the allowable property, is published for each lumber property, and this value must be updated whenever changes in the resource warrant. Currently ASTM D1990 calls for the use of the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (also known as the Mann-Whitney test) to detect changes in these...AuthorsMatthew A. Arvanitis, Christopher Adam SenalikKeywordsSourceForest Products JournalYear2025
- To update our knowledge about the logging sector in Minnesota and Wisconsin, coordinated mail surveys were conducted during the spring of 2022. The surveys collected data on harvest systems, production volumes, profitability, production capacity, business demographics, capital investment, trucking, stumpage sources, timber products harvested, emerging issues, and more. The average age of logging business owners and their equipment is trending older. Harvest production is trending downward. Stumpage sources are trending away from public lands and relying more on private lands. Delivery is...AuthorsScott A. Bowe, Julie Ballweg, Charles R. Blinn, David A. Nolle, Robert A. SmailKeywordsSourceJournal of ForestryYear2025
- The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a central role as an anode in electrocatalytic processes such as energy conversion and storage and the generation of molecular oxygen from the electrolysis of water. Currently, precious metal oxides such as IrO2 and RuO2 are recognized as reference OER electrocatalysts with reasonably high activity; however, their widespread use in practical devices has been severely hindered by their high cost and scarcity. It is essential to design alternative OER electrocatalysts made of low-cost and abundant earth elements with significant activity and robustnes...AuthorsJavier Hernandez-Ortega, Chamak Ahmed, Andre Molina, Ronald C. Sabo, Lorena E. Sanchez Sánchez Cadena, Bonifacio Alvarado Alvarado Tenorio, Carlos R. Cabrera, Juan C. NoveronKeywordsSourceCatalystsYear2025
- A novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) composed of glycine hydrochloride, ethylene glycol, and p-toluenesulfonic acid was synthesized. The prepared TDES exhibited highly efficient capacity for the pretreatment of bamboo biomass (Phyllostachys edulis). About 95 % of xylan and 89 % of lignin could be removed from the bamboo feedstock after being pretreated with the TDES at 100 °C for 1 h. In addition, a nearly complete glucose yield of 98.7 % could be achieved, which was 9.4 times higher than that of the untreated bamboo. The pH value of the TDES is an important factor affecting the...AuthorsFanyang Meng, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Yaru Li, Chen Xu, Hui PanKeywordsSourceBioresource TechnologyYear2025