Treesearch

Nonnative organisms that cause a major change to native ecosystems-once called foreign species, biological invasions, alien invasives, exotics, or biohazards–are now generally referred to as invasive species or invasives. invasive species of insects, fungi, plants, fish, and other organisms present a rising threat to natural forest ecosystems worldwide. Invasive animals are transferred to ecosystem in which there are no natural predators to keep them from spreading. Many species escape into the new environment where they become established, upsetting the ecological balance of the native...

The authors have developed technologies for fungal bioremediation of waste wood treated with oilborne or metal-based preservatives. The technologies are based on specially formulated inoculum of wood-decay fungi, obtained through strain selection to obtain preservative-tolerant fungi. This waste management approach provides a product with reduced wood volume and the capacity to collect metals for reuse, thereby preventing environmental contamination. In this chapter we describe our research on the bioremediation of CCA-treated wood waste with brown-rot wood-decay fungi. The paper contains...

Mineral scale increases operating costs, extends downtime, and increases maintenance requirements. This paper presents several successful case studies detailing how mills have eliminated scale. Cases presented include calcium carbonate scale in a white liquor strainer, calcium oxalate scale in the D0 stage of the bleach plant, enzymatic treatment of brown stock to eliminate oxalate scale, and control of barium sulfate scale.

Physical and mechanical properties were obtained for approximately 600 2 by 4’s of Ramon (Brosimun alicastrum) and 600 2 by 4’s of Danto (Vatairea Iundellii), from Guatemala. The lumber was visually graded according to U.S. grading rules. Full-sized tests were conducted in bending and in tension and compression parallel to the grain. Clearwood tests were conducted in bending and shear. Little relationship was found between the flexural properties of 2 by 4’s and those of knot-free specimens cut from the lumber. Visual grading rules satisfactorily sorted lumber into grades with distinct...

This study evaluated the quality of kraft pulp from bud-worm-infested jack pine. The logs were classified as merchantable live, suspect, or merchantable dead. Raw materials were evaluated through visual inspection, analysis of the chemical composition, SilviScan measurement of the density, and measurement of the tracheid length. Unbleached pulps were then refined using a laboratory disk refiner. The mechanical and optical properties of handsheets made from the refined pulps were evaluated. Although budworm galleries may affect the physical integrity of the wood, they have no effect on pulp...

Tubular packaging forms fabricated and shaped from rolled paper are used as reinforcing corner posts for major appliances packaged in corrugated containers. Tests of column compression strength simulate the expected performance loads from appliances stacked in warehouses. Column strength depends on tube geometry, paper properties, basis weight, and number of laminations. A column strength model considers the tube geometry to be a sequence of geometric flat and arched segments with each segment apt to fail by either buckling or compression. Contributions of segments to strength depend on...

Nanotechnology has applications across most economic sectors and allows the development of new enabling science with broad commercial potential. Cellulose and lignocellulose have great potential as nanomaterials because they are abundant, renewable, have a nanofibrillar structure, can be made multifunctional, and self-assemble into well-defined architectures. To exploit their potential, R&D investments must be made in the science and engineering that will fully determine the properties and characteristics of cellulose and lignocellulose at the nanoscale, develop the technologies to...

This study evaluated fire and bending properties of blockboards with various fire retardant treated veneers. Blockboards were manufactured using untreated fir strips and sandwiched between treated ekaba veneers at final assembly. The veneers were treated with either boric acid (BA), disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT), alumina trihydrate (ATH), or a BA/DOT mixture. Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity tests were performed according to European Standard EN 310. Blockboards were also tested for fire resistance as indicated by a cone calorimeter. Treatments had little negative...

The unmitigated pest risk potential for the importation of unprocessed logs and chips of species of Pinus (Pinus radiata, P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, P. taeda L., and P. caribaea var. hondurensis, principally) from Australia into the United States was assessed by estimating the likelihood and consequences of introduction of representative insects and pathogens of concern. Eleven individual pest risk assessments were prepared, nine dealing with insects and two with pathogens. The selected organisms were representative examples of insects and pathogens found on foliage, on the bark,...

This study demonstrated that average ring width (or average annual radial growth rate) is a reliable parameter to quantify the effects of tree plantation ndensity (growth suppression) on wood density and tracheid anatomical properties. The average ring width successfully correlated wood density and tracheid anatomical properties of red pines (Pinus resinosa Ait.) from a never thinned experimental plantation forest with five different initial plantation densities. The results indicate that plantation density has a pronounced effect on earlywood growth which resulted in increased latewood...