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- produced utilizing feedstocks of softwood forest slash from a mill in Washington State, USA. These feedstocks were collected and processed by the team of Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA) using technologies developed by NARA partners. This investigation found these feedstocks to be economically sustainable.AuthorsRobert Wooley, Junyong Zhu, Roland L. Gleisner, Andrew Hawkins, Paul Starkey, Johnway Gao, Tom Spink, Joe Ley, Mike Wolcott, Gevan Marrs, John SessionsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-278. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 109 p.Year2020
- White-rot (WR) fungi are pivotal decomposers of dead organic matter in forest ecosystems and typically use a large array of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes to deconstruct lignocellulose. However, the extent of lignin and cellulose degradation may vary between species and wood type. Here, we combined comparative genomics, transcriptomics and secretome proteomics to identify conserved enzymatic signatures at the onset of wood-decaying activity within the Basidiomycota genus Pycnoporus. We observed a strong conservation in the genome structures and the repertoires of protein-coding genes...AuthorsDidier Chevret, Chris Daum, Jérôme Mariette, Christophe Klopp, Daniel Cullen, Ronald de Vries, Allen Gathman, Matthieu Hainaut, Bernard Henrissat, Kristiina Hildén, Ursula Kües, Walt Lilly, Anna Lipzen, Miia Mäkelä, Angel Martinez, Mélanie Morel-Rouhier, Emmanuelle Morin, Jasmyn Pangilinan, Arthur Ram, Han Wösten, Francisco Ruiz-Dueñas, Robert Riley, Eric Record, Igor Grigoriev, Shingo Miyauchi, Hayat Hage, Elodie Drula, Laurence Lesage-Meessen, Jean-Guy Berrin, David Navarro, Anne Favel, Delphine Chaduli, Sacha Grisel, Mireille Haon, François Piumi, Anthony Levasseur, Anne Lomascolo, Steven Ahrendt, Kerrie Barry, Kurt LaButti, Marie-Noëlle RossoKeywordsSourceDNA Research. 27(2). 14 p.Year2020
- To evaluate the reliability of lumber structures, we need (among many other things) good models for the strength and stiffness distributions of visual and machine-stressrated (MSR) grades of lumber. Verrill et al. established theoretically and empirically that the strength properties of visual and MSR grades of lumber are not distributed as twoparameter Weibulls. Instead, strength properties of grades of lumber must have (at least to a first approximation) “pseudo-truncated” distributions. To properly implement Verrill et al.’s pseudo-truncation theory, we must know the true mill run...AuthorsSteve P. Verrill, Frank C. Owens, Matthew A. Arvanitis, David E. Kretschmann, Rubin Shmulsky, Robert J. Ross, Patricia K. LebowKeywordsSourceRes. Pap. FPL-RP-705. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 47 p.Year2020
- In present work, Fe-lignin composites were prepared by chemical coprecipitation of metal salts and kraft lignin; the thermal stability of the Fe-lignin mixture was then investigated at temperatures up to 300 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and diferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 5 °C min−1 under nitrogen atmosphere. The structural characteristics of Fe-lignin thermal treated under diferent temperatures were identifed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The temperature-programmed thermal decomposition (TPD) of Fe-lignin samples was carried...AuthorsQiangu Yan, Charles R. Boardman, Zhiyong CaiKeywordsSourceThermochimica Acta. 690: 178659.Year2020
- Low-cost flexible microwave circuits with compact size and light weight are highly desirable for flexible wireless communication and other miniaturized microwave systems. However, the prevalent studies on flexible microwave electronics have only focused on individual flexible microwave elements such as transistors, inductors, capacitors, and transmission lines. Thinning down supporting substrate of rigid chip-based monolithic microwave integrated circuits has been the only approach toward flexible microwave integrated circuits. Here, we report a flexible microwave integrated circuit...AuthorsHuilong Zhang, Jinghao Li, Dong Liu, Seunghwan Min, Tzu-Hsuan Chang, Kanglin Xiong, Sung Hyun Park, Jisoo Kim, Yei Hwan Jung, Jeongpil Park, Juhwan Lee, Jung Han, Linda Katehi, Zhiyong Cai, Shaoqin Gong, Zhenqiang MaKeywordsSourceNature Communications. 11(1): 1239. 11 p.Year2020
- Our future bioeconomy depends on increased utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Controlling the diffusion of chemicals, such as inorganic ions, within secondary plant cell walls is central to many biomass applications. However, insufficient understanding of intra-cell-wall diffusion within secondary plant cell walls is hindering the advancement of many lignocellulosic biomass applications. In this work, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was used to measure diffusion constants of K+, cu2+, and Cl− diffusing through loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) cell wall layers under 70%, 75%, or 80%...AuthorsJoseph Jakes, Samuel L. Zelinka, Christopher G. Hunt, Peter Ciesielski, Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, Leandro Passarini, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, David Vine, Stefan VogtKeywordsSourceScientific Reports. 10(1): 484. 15 p.Year2020
- This study evaluated the bleachability of wood fibers from acid hydrotropic fractionation (AHF) of birch using ptoluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) at low temperatures below 90 °C. The wood fibers had varying amounts of lignin after AHF under different conditions using both batch and flow-through configurations. The extent of lignin reprecipitation in batch mode was evaluated by extended washing with p-TsOH. 2D 13C−1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that residual lignin on fibers from batch reaction was significantly more condensed than that from flow-through under...AuthorsQingzhi Ma, Kolby Hirth, Huamin Zhai, Junyong ZhuSourceACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8(24): 9046-9057.Year2020
- Lignin valorization is significantly influenced by the degrees of lignin condensation measured by the amount of cleaved βeOe4 ether linkages and interunit CeC linkages formed during biomass fractionation. To minimize the cleavage of aryl ether and formation of CeC linkages, a p–toluenesulfonic acid (p–TsOH)/choline chloride (ChCl) solvent system with hydrotropic properties was evaluated. The ChCl was chosen to control the H+ concentration of the p–TsOH/ChCl solvent system. Compared with p–TsOH/H2O, the degradation of βeOe4 was kept in a similar rate during p–TsOH/ChCl fractionation;...AuthorsWangxia Wang, Feng Gu, Junyong Zhu, Kaiyong Sun, Zhaosheng Cai, Shufeng Yao, Wenjuan Wu, Yongcan JinKeywordsSourceIndustrial Crops and Products. 150: 112423. 8 p.Year2020
- Poplar trees can be grown on marginal land to conserve water and recycle nutrients, but the wood has poor mechanical properties for structural applications. This study evaluated the feasibility of densifying poplar wood through delignification to improve mechanical properties. Delignification was conducted using a commercial soda pulping process under various NaOH concentrations of 0–6% with a reduced liquor-to-wood ratio of 3, along with a novel hydrotropic fractionation process using maleic acid. Delignified wood was pressed with or without stop bars at a low pressure of 1 MPa at 150 °C...AuthorsJiajun Wang, Sara Fishwild, Marshall Begel, Junyong ZhuKeywordsSourceJournal of Materials Science. 55(29): 14664-14676.Year2020
- Pacific Northwest policy makers are excited about the emergence of mass timber into U.S. construction markets as the product potentially creates local manufacturing jobs while utilizing Douglas fir growing sustainably in the region. This study assessed regional economic impacts generated by mass timber high-rise construction in Oregon. Economic impact estimates were derived using a regionally specific input-output model combined with analysis-by-parts methodology. Financial data from Portland’s 12-story Framework building, estimated using RSMeans software, provided purchasing information....AuthorsAdam Scouse, Stephen S. Kelley, Shaobo Liang, Richard BergmanSourceSustainable Cities and Society. 61: 102154.Year2020