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- Fundamental pyrolysis thermal and kinetics properties for live vegetation that are essential to CFD modeling of pyrolysis and flammability were obtained from a series of small-scale tests for live and dead vegetation. The complexity of live leaf composition was recently documented allowing analysis of 12 crude compounds. Model simplification required a practical grouping into contents of (0) moisture, (1) lipids, (2) digestives (glucose, fructose, and protein), (3) hemicellulose (xylan and pectin), (4) glucan (cellulose and starch), (5) phenolic (lignin and tannins), and (6) inert (silicate...AuthorsCharles R. Boardman, Mark A. Dietenberger, Babak Shotorban, William E. Mell, David R. WeiseSourceIn: Proceedings, 2020 Spring Technical Meeting, Central States Section of the Combustion Institute: 1-20.Year2020
- A wealth of forensic wood identifcation technologies has been developed or improved in recent years, with many attempts to compare results between technologies. The utility of such comparisons is greatly reduced when the species tested with each technology are diferent and when performance metrics are not calculated or presented in the same way. Here, a species-level XyloTron computer vision model is presented along with a side-by-side comparison for species- and genus-level identifcation of the 10 species of Meliaceae studied by Deklerck et al. using mass spectrometry. The species-level...AuthorsPrabu Ravindran, Alex C. WiedenhoeftKeywordsSourceWood Science and Technology. 46(2): 1163. 12 p.Year2020
- Quantifying the cell wall polymers in wood and plants has been a tremendous challenge because no single method can achieve absolute quantification of any cell wall polymer. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques have advanced this area with the introduction of wood dissolution and cryogenically cooled probes, allowing for semi-quantification. However, a more robust technique had to be developed to allow for a more absolute quantification of cell wall polymers. This study explored a multifaceted approach to accurately quantify lignin methoxyls using gas chromatography and mass...AuthorsDaniel J. YelleKeywordsSourceRes. Note. FPL-RN-0384. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 7 p.Year2020
- Extrusion-based processes are one of the most widely used continuous polymer processing techniques because of their commercial availability, versatility, and cost-effective scal-ability. For these reasons, conventional single-screw extrusion was investigated and used for continuously processing mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) into wet sheets. A high shear mixing procedure was used to process highly loaded CNF pastes with up to ∼25 wt % solids, composed of ∼91 wt % CNF and ≤∼9 wt % of a processing aid like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG), or anionic...AuthorsSami M. El Awad Azrak, William J. Costakis, Robert J. Moon, Gregory Schueneman, Jeffrey P. YoungbloodKeywordsSourceACS Applied Polymer Materials. 2(8): 3365-3377.Year2020
- produced utilizing feedstocks of softwood forest slash from a mill in Washington State, USA. These feedstocks were collected and processed by the team of Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA) using technologies developed by NARA partners. This investigation found these feedstocks to be economically sustainable.AuthorsRobert Wooley, Junyong Zhu, Roland L. Gleisner, Andrew Hawkins, Paul Starkey, Johnway Gao, Tom Spink, Joe Ley, Mike Wolcott, Gevan Marrs, John SessionsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-278. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 109 p.Year2020
- White-rot (WR) fungi are pivotal decomposers of dead organic matter in forest ecosystems and typically use a large array of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes to deconstruct lignocellulose. However, the extent of lignin and cellulose degradation may vary between species and wood type. Here, we combined comparative genomics, transcriptomics and secretome proteomics to identify conserved enzymatic signatures at the onset of wood-decaying activity within the Basidiomycota genus Pycnoporus. We observed a strong conservation in the genome structures and the repertoires of protein-coding genes...AuthorsDidier Chevret, Chris Daum, Jérôme Mariette, Christophe Klopp, Daniel Cullen, Ronald de Vries, Allen Gathman, Matthieu Hainaut, Bernard Henrissat, Kristiina Hildén, Ursula Kües, Walt Lilly, Anna Lipzen, Miia Mäkelä, Angel Martinez, Mélanie Morel-Rouhier, Emmanuelle Morin, Jasmyn Pangilinan, Arthur Ram, Han Wösten, Francisco Ruiz-Dueñas, Robert Riley, Eric Record, Igor Grigoriev, Shingo Miyauchi, Hayat Hage, Elodie Drula, Laurence Lesage-Meessen, Jean-Guy Berrin, David Navarro, Anne Favel, Delphine Chaduli, Sacha Grisel, Mireille Haon, François Piumi, Anthony Levasseur, Anne Lomascolo, Steven Ahrendt, Kerrie Barry, Kurt LaButti, Marie-Noëlle RossoKeywordsSourceDNA Research. 27(2). 14 p.Year2020
- To evaluate the reliability of lumber structures, we need (among many other things) good models for the strength and stiffness distributions of visual and machine-stressrated (MSR) grades of lumber. Verrill et al. established theoretically and empirically that the strength properties of visual and MSR grades of lumber are not distributed as twoparameter Weibulls. Instead, strength properties of grades of lumber must have (at least to a first approximation) “pseudo-truncated” distributions. To properly implement Verrill et al.’s pseudo-truncation theory, we must know the true mill run...AuthorsSteve P. Verrill, Frank C. Owens, Matthew A. Arvanitis, David E. Kretschmann, Rubin Shmulsky, Robert J. Ross, Patricia K. LebowKeywordsSourceRes. Pap. FPL-RP-705. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 47 p.Year2020
- In present work, Fe-lignin composites were prepared by chemical coprecipitation of metal salts and kraft lignin; the thermal stability of the Fe-lignin mixture was then investigated at temperatures up to 300 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and diferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 5 °C min−1 under nitrogen atmosphere. The structural characteristics of Fe-lignin thermal treated under diferent temperatures were identifed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The temperature-programmed thermal decomposition (TPD) of Fe-lignin samples was carried...AuthorsQiangu Yan, Charles R. Boardman, Zhiyong CaiKeywordsSourceThermochimica Acta. 690: 178659.Year2020
- Low-cost flexible microwave circuits with compact size and light weight are highly desirable for flexible wireless communication and other miniaturized microwave systems. However, the prevalent studies on flexible microwave electronics have only focused on individual flexible microwave elements such as transistors, inductors, capacitors, and transmission lines. Thinning down supporting substrate of rigid chip-based monolithic microwave integrated circuits has been the only approach toward flexible microwave integrated circuits. Here, we report a flexible microwave integrated circuit...AuthorsHuilong Zhang, Jinghao Li, Dong Liu, Seunghwan Min, Tzu-Hsuan Chang, Kanglin Xiong, Sung Hyun Park, Jisoo Kim, Yei Hwan Jung, Jeongpil Park, Juhwan Lee, Jung Han, Linda Katehi, Zhiyong Cai, Shaoqin Gong, Zhenqiang MaKeywordsSourceNature Communications. 11(1): 1239. 11 p.Year2020
- Our future bioeconomy depends on increased utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Controlling the diffusion of chemicals, such as inorganic ions, within secondary plant cell walls is central to many biomass applications. However, insufficient understanding of intra-cell-wall diffusion within secondary plant cell walls is hindering the advancement of many lignocellulosic biomass applications. In this work, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was used to measure diffusion constants of K+, cu2+, and Cl− diffusing through loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) cell wall layers under 70%, 75%, or 80%...AuthorsJoseph Jakes, Samuel L. Zelinka, Christopher G. Hunt, Peter Ciesielski, Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, Leandro Passarini, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, David Vine, Stefan VogtKeywordsSourceScientific Reports. 10(1): 484. 15 p.Year2020