Central hardwood notes

Abstract

The central hardwood forest covers a vast area of the United States where the dominant native vegetation is hardwood trees. It is one of the largest forest areas in the country and contains about 100 million acres. The forests include more than 70 hardwood tree species, several conifers, many shrubs and herbaceaous plants, and a large number of animal species. This great richness of plants and animals is the result of a wide diversity of soils, geography, and climate. Although much of the original forest was cleared for agriculture woodlands remain a dominant feature of the landscape. Aside from scenic beauty, these forests provide recreation, water, timber products, fuel, and essential habitats for wildlife. The social and economic benefits of the central hardwood forests, while of great value, can be increased substantially with better management.

Titles contained within Central hardwood notes

• The central hardwood forest
• Central hardwood forest types
• Ecological principles: climate, physiography, soil, and vegetation
• Genetic principles
• Forest regulation methods and silvicultural systems: what are they?
• Choosing a silvicultural system
• Silvicultural systems for oak-hickory and oak-pine
• Silvicultural systems for bottomland hardwoods
• Silvicultural systems for harvesting mixed hardwood stands
• Logging roads and log decks for wildlife habitat
• Principles of natural regeneration
• Assessing regeneration potential
• How to assess oak regeneration potential in the Missouri Ozarks
• Treatments to encourage natural regeneration
• Seeding and planting hardwoods
• Seeding and planting upland oaks
• Planting bottomland hardwoods
• Seeding and planting walnut
• Planting yellow-poplar, white ash, black cherry, and black locust
• Seeding and planting pines
• The importance of site quality
• Measuring site index in the central hardwood region
• Forest site classification in the interior uplands
• Introduction to forest growth and yield
• Stocking chart for upland central hardwoods
• Estimating oak growth and yield
• Estimating growth and yield of mixed stands
• Estimating bottomland hardwood growth and yield
• Estimating yellow-poplar growth and yield
• Estimating black walnut plantation growth and yield
• Estimating pine growth and yield
• Short-rotation plantations
• Growth and yield models for central hardwoods
• Principles of managing stands
• Improving quality and value of future hardwoods
• Silvicultural treatments in sapling stands
• Response of sapling stands to cultural treatments
• Silvicultural treatments in immature stands
• Thinning even-aged, upland oak stands
• Managing mature, even-aged stands
• Managing uneven-aged stands
• Pruning central hardwoods
• Individual tree control
• Fertilizing natural stands
• Thinning sprout clumps
• Wild grapevine management
• Using silviculture to minimize gypsy moth impacts
• Economic considerations of managing stands
• Investment decision criteria
• Grading hardwood trees
• Let the market help prescribe forest management practices
• Computer models for economic and silvicultural decisions
• Deer damage in central hardwoods: a potential problem
• Logging damage
• Appraising fire effects
• Oak wilt
• Elm diseases
• Sycamore diseases
• Trunk decays
• Root rots
• Reducing borer damage in oak regeneration and sawtimber
• Gypsy moth
• Forest insect defoliators
• Oak decline
• Diagnosing forest vegetation for air pollution injury
• Grazing in central hardwood forests
• Principles of wildlife habitat management
• Wildlife habitat evaluation
• Treating seedling and sapling stands for wildlife
• Treating immature stands for wildlife
• Treating mature stands for wildlife
• Enhancing wildlife habitat when regenerating stands
• Stand size, stand distribution, and rotation lengths for forest wildlife
• Stream corridor management
• Site preparation for wildlife
• Wildlife openings
• Mast importance, production, and management
• Plantings for wildlife

Citation

Clark, F. Bryan; Hutchinson, Jay G. 1989. Central hardwood notes. Central hardwood notes. St. Paul, MN.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.