Comparing gas composition from fast pyrolysis of live foliage measured in bench-scale and fire-scale experiments
| Authors: | David R. Weise, Thomas H. Fletcher, Timothy J. Johnson, Wei Min Hao, Mark A. Dietenberger, Marko Princevac, Bret W. Butler, Sara S. McAllister, Joseph J. O'Brien, E. Louise Loudermilk, Roger D. Ottmar, Andrew T. Hudak, Akira Kato, Babak Shotorban, Shankar Mahalingam, Tanya L. Myers, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Stephen P. Baker |
| Year: | 2024 |
| Type: | Scientific Journal |
| Station: | Pacific Southwest Research Station |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23200 |
| Source: | International Journal of Wildland Fire. 33(9): 375 |
Abstract
Background
Fire models have used pyrolysis data from oxidising and non-oxidising environments for flaming combustion. In wildland fires pyrolysis, flaming and smouldering combustion typically occur in an oxidising environment (the atmosphere).
Aims
Using compositional data analysis methods, determine if the composition of pyrolysis gases measured in non-oxidising and ambient (oxidising) atmospheric conditions were similar.
Methods
Permanent gases and tars were measured in a fuel-rich (non-oxidising) environment in a flat flame burner (FFB). Permanent and light hydrocarbon gases were measured for the same fuels heated by a fire flame in ambient atmospheric conditions (oxidising environment). Log-ratio balances of the measured gases common to both environments (CO, CO2, CH4, H2, C6H6O (phenol), and other gases) were examined by principal components analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA).
Key results
Mean composition changed between the non-oxidising and ambient atmosphere samples. PCA showed that flat flame burner (FFB) samples were tightly clustered and distinct from the ambient atmosphere samples. CDA found that the difference between environments was defined by the CO-CO2log-ratio balance. PERMANOVA and pairwise comparisons found FFB samples differed from the ambient atmosphere samples which did not differ from each other.
Conclusion
Relative composition of these pyrolysis gases differed between the oxidising and non-oxidising environments. This comparison was one of the first comparisons made between bench-scale and field scale pyrolysis measurements using compositional data analysis.
Implications
These results indicate the need for more fundamental research on the early time-dependent pyrolysis of vegetation in the presence of oxygen.