Treesearch

Human history is intricately linked to the soil. As human populations increased agricultural land use intensified. Wood availability was also important and resulted in the management of forested land for fuel, fiber and food. Soil mapping was an essential tool in planning future expansion of agriculture and resulted in an increased understanding in the factors that regulate soil formation. This understanding eventually lead to the formation of forest soil science as a separate area of research. Early forest soil research focused on silviculture, harvesting, soil chemistry and acid rain. As...

Long-term research studies are critical to understanding soil productivity and the sustainability of forest and woodland ecosystems around the world. They inform management decisions about best harvest techniques, soil property impacts and recovery, anthropogenic stressors (e.g., forest management, acid rain, climate change), and the influence if governmental policies, guidelines, and regulations. Forest ecosystems represent a major source of drinking water in much of the world making the interaction of atmospheric chemistry, vegetation, land use, soil and water one of global importance....

Forest soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the largest terrestrial C pools, and it is not static. Soils are inherently dynamic; furthermore, global change and management can alter how much C is stored in a forest soil and how it is distributed across depths or functionally distinct pools. Over management-relevant timescales, forest soil C varies more across space - due to fundamental factors such as parent material, climate, and vegetation - than it does over time, except in cases of abuse (which deplete SOC). In this review, we discuss the stocks and management of forest SOC through the...

Sulphur-flower buckwheat is a widely distributed western species occurring from British Columbia and Alberta south through south-central Colorado, the northern half of Arizona, and California. Appendix 1 provides the distributions of each of the sulphur-flower buckwheat varieties.

Ecological restoration, when implemented effectively and sustainably, contributes to protecting biodiversity; improving human health and wellbeing; increasing food and water security; delivering goods, services, and economic prosperity; and supporting climate change mitigation, resilience, and adaptation. It is a solutions-based approach that engages communities, scientists, policymakers, and land managers to repair ecological damage and rebuild a healthier relationship between people and the rest of nature. When combined with conservation and sustainable use, ecological restoration is the...

Ecological restoration, when implemented effectively and sustainably, contributes to protecting biodiversity; improving human health and wellbeing; increasing food and water security; delivering goods, services, and economic prosperity; and supporting climate change mitigation, resilience, and adaptation. It is a solutions-based approach that engages communities, scientists, policymakers, and land managers to repair ecological damage and rebuild a healthier relationship between people and the rest of nature. When combined with conservation and sustainable use, ecological restoration is the...

Parsnipflower buckwheat is an Inland West species, occurring from British Columbia and northern and central Montana south to eastern California, northern Nevada and Utah, and the northwestern corner of Colorado (Reveal 2005; Welsh et al. 2016). Currently parsnipflower buckwheat occurs as fairly small populations along the northern fringe of the central Great Basin and is more dominant in the Columbia Basin, Snake River Plain, and the Basin and Range of southeast Oregon (J. Johnson, NV Natural Heritage Program, personal communication, August 2019). Variety heracleoides is the most widely...

Dwarf yellow fleabane frequently occurs in Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, and Nevada (Fig. 1; Nesom 1992a, 2006). Variety austiniae is the most widely distributed, occurring in southeastern Oregon, northeastern California, southwestern Idaho, and in Elko, Eureka, Humbolt, and Washoe counties in Nevada (Nesom 1992b). Variety chrysopsidis occurs at mid- to low-elevation sites from southeastern Washington to southeastern Oregon (Nesom 1992a; Hitchcock and Cronquist 2018). Variety brevifolius is restricted to upper elevation sites in the Wallowa Mountains in the northeastern corner of...

Desert yellow fleabane is sporadically distributed from southern British Columbia east to central Montana and Wyoming, south to Yosemite National Park in California, and west to central Oregon and Washington (Cronquist 1947; USDA NRCS 2017). Populations are especially common in Washington (Cronquist 1947), disjunct in Montana and Wyoming (USDA NRCS 2017), and restricted to the Pilot and Grouse Creek ranges in Box Elder County, Utah (Welsh et al. 2016).

Yellow bee-plant (Peritoma lutea [Hook.] Raf.) is a member of family Cleomaceae, the spiderflower family (Vanderpol and Iltis 2010). Recent molecular work leaves the status of the species and its genus and family in question (e.g., Hall 2008; Iltis et al. 2011; Roalson et al. 2015), but for this review, nomenclature follows the Flora of North America (Vanderpool and Iltis 2010).