Treesearch
Displaying 10,841 - 10,850 of 64,762 Publications- Forest cover gains and losses occur in response to complex environmental and anthropogenic pressures. Yet the impact of forest gains and losses on the provision of ecosystem services differs markedly. Here we investigate the social costs of potential forest carbon change in Australia’s intensive agricultural region from 2015 to 2050 using spatial forest cover change and forest carbon models combined with climate and socioeconomic projections. More than 24,000 possible scenarios were used to identify the trend and lower and upper bounds of forest cover/carbon change. Net deforestation (3.5...AuthorsRaymundo Marcos-Martinez, Brett A. Bryan, Kurt A. Schwabe, Jeffery D. Connor, Elizabeth A. Law, Martin Nolan, José J. SánchezKeywordsSourceEcosystem Services. 37: 100935Year2019
- The behavior of adults and young at the time of fledging is one of the least understood aspects of the breeding ecology of birds. Current hypotheses propose that fledging occurs either as a result of parent-offspring conflict or nestling choice. We used video recordings to monitor the behavior of nestling and adult grassland songbirds at the time of fledging. We observed 525 nestlings from 166 nests of 15 bird species nesting in grasslands of Alberta, Canada, and Wisconsin, USA. Overall, 78% of nestlings used terrestrial locomotion for fledging and 22% used wing-assisted locomotion....AuthorsChristine A. Ribic, David J. Rugg, Nicola Koper, Kevin Ellison, Christoph S. NgSourceJournal of Field OrnithologyYear2019
- Symbiotic nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees can provide large quantities of new N to ecosystems, but only if they are sufficiently abundant. The overall abundance and latitudinal abundance distributions of N‐fixing trees are well characterised in the Americas, but less well outside the Americas. Here, we characterised the abundance of N‐fixing trees in a network of forest plots spanning five continents, ~5,000 tree species and ~4 million trees. The majority of the plots (86%) were in America or Asia. In addition, we examined whether the observed pattern of abundance of N‐fixing trees was correlated...AuthorsDuncan N. L. Menge, Ryan A. Chisholm, Stuart J. Davies, Kamariah Abu Salim, David Allen, Mauricio Alvarez, Norm Bourg, Warren Y. Brockelman, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, Nathalie Butt, Min Cao, Wirong Chanthorn, Wei‐Chun Chao, Keith Clay, Richard Condit, Susan Cordell, João Batista Silva, H. S. Dattaraja, Ana Cristina Segalin Andrade, Alexandre A. Oliveira, Jan den Ouden, Michael Drescher, Christine Fletcher, Christian P. Giardina, C. V Savitri Gunatilleke, I. A. U. Nimal Gunatilleke, Billy C. H. Hau, Fangliang He, Robert Howe, Chang‐Fu Hsieh, Stephen P. Hubbell, Faith M. Inman‐Narahari, Patrick A. Jansen, Daniel J. Johnson, Lee Sing Kong, Kamil Král, Chen‐Chia Ku, Jiangshan Lai, Andrew J. Larson, Xiankun Li, Yide Li, Luxiang Lin, YiChing Lin, Shirong Liu, Shawn K. Y. Lum, James A. Lutz, Keping Ma, Yadvinder Malhi, Sean McMahon, William McShea, Xiangcheng Mi, Michael Morecroft, Jonathan A. Myers, Anuttara Nathalang, Vojtech Novotny, Perry Ong, David A. Orwig, Rebecca Ostertag, Geoffrey Parker, Richard P. Phillips, Kassim Abd. Rahman, Lawren Sack, Weiguo Sang, Guochun Shen, Ankur Shringi, Jessica Shue, Sheng‐Hsin Su, Raman Sukumar, I‐Fang Sun, H. S. Suresh, Sylvester Tan, Sean C. Thomas, Pagi S. Toko, Renato Valencia, Martha I Vallejo, Alberto Vicentini, Tomáš Vrška, Bin Wang, Xihua Wang, George D. Weiblen, Amy Wolf, Han Xu, Sandra Yap, Li Zhu, Tak FungSourceJournal of EcologyYear2019
- Federal directives including the National Seed Strategy, the President’s Memorandum on pollinators, and greater sage-grouse conservation plans emphasize the use of native species to recover ecosystems damaged by fire, mineral extraction, energy development, recreation, road construction, or other disturbances. Forbs or wildflowers are essential components of resilient, biologically and functionally diverse communities. However, restoration and rehabilitation use of native forbs in the Intermountain West remains limited. Because of this, Western Forbs: Biology, Ecology, and Use in Restoratio...AuthorsCorey L. Gucker, Nancy L. ShawKeywordsSourceIn: Gucker, C.L.; Shaw, N.L., eds. Western forbs: Biology, ecology, and use in restoration. Reno, NV: Great Basin Fire Science Exchange. Online: https://westernforbs.org/.Year2019
- Urban parks are valued for their benefits to ecological and human systems, likely to increase in importance as climate change effects continue to unfold. However, the ability of parks to provide those myriad benefits hinges on equitable provision of and access to green spaces and their environmental quality. A social–ecological approach was adopted in a study of urban park use by recreationists in the City of Los Angeles, contrasting two affluent and two disadvantaged communities situated in coastal and inland zones. Twenty-four days of observations distributed across morning and afternoon...AuthorsPatricia L. Winter, Pamela E. Padgett, Lee-Anne S. Milburn, Weimin LiSourceEnvironmental Management. 63(3): 379-395Year2019
- Background: The Chapman-Richards distribution is developed as a special case of the equilibrium solution to the McKendrick-Von Foerster equation. The Chapman-Richards distribution incorporates the vital rate assumptions of the Chapman-Richards growth function, constant mortality and recruitment into the mathematical form of the distribution. Therefore, unlike 'assumed' distribution models, it is intrinsically linked with the underlying vital rates for the forest area under consideration. Methods: It is shown that the Chapman-Richards distribution can be recast as a subset of the generalized...AuthorsJeffrey Gove, Thomas B. Lynch, Mark J. DuceyKeywordsSourceForest EcosystemsYear2019
- Dynamic occupancy models provide a flexible framework for estimating and mapping species occupancy patterns over space and time for large-scale monitoring programs (e.g., the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative). Challenges for designing surveys using the dynamic occupancy modeling framework include defining appropriate derived trend parameters, and providing usable tools for researchers to conduct project-specific sample size investigations. We present a simulation-based power analysis framework for dynamic occupancy models that...AuthorsKatharine M. Banner, Kathryn M. Irvine, Thomas J. Rodhouse, Deahn Donner, Andrea R. LittKeywordsSourceEcological IndicatorsYear2019
- Many Agaricomycotina species are saprobes, playing a fundamental role in nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems by decomposing wood. Little is known about factors affecting diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in the neotropical, warm temperate native forests of Uruguay. Most of these native forests are riparian harboring about 300 tree species. In this study, we assessed the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi on wood of different size classes in riparian forests of Uruguay. We recovered 186 species of Agaricomycotina, including 113 corticioid and 58 polyporoid taxa. Eleven taxa accounted for...AuthorsSebastián Martínez, Karen K. Nakasone, Lina BettucciSourceMycoscienceYear2019
- Climate change is expected to alter the hydrology and vascular plant communities in peatland ecosystems. These changes may have as yet unexplored impacts on peat mercury (Hg) concentrations and net methylmercury (MeHg) production. In this study, peat was collected from PEATcosm, an outdoor, controlled mesocosm experiment where peatland water table regimes and vascular plant functional groups were manipulated over several years to simulate potential climate change effects. Potential Hg(II) methylation and MeHg demethylation rate constants were assessed using enriched stable isotope incubatio...AuthorsKristine M. Haynes, Evan Kane, Lynette Potvin, Erik Lilleskov, Randy Kolka, Carl P.J. MitchellKeywordsSourceScience of The Total EnvironmentYear2019
- Stand density affects not only structure and growth, but also the health of forests and, subsequently, the functions of forest ecosystems. Here, we integrated dendrochronology and repeated inventories for ponderosa pine research plots to determine whether long-term growth and mortality responded to climate trends and how varying stand density influenced the responses. The plots were established prior to 1975 on existing stands throughout northern California. Although annual temperature increased consistently for the last 65 years, ring-width indices produced by eliminating age and thinning...AuthorsJianwei Zhang, Kaelyn Finley, Nels G. Johnson, Martin RitchieKeywordsSourceForest Science. 65(4): 496-507Year2019