Treesearch

Gooseberryleaf globemallow is native to North America and occurs primarily in the Intermountain region in the western states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico (La Duke 2016). It is also reported in northern California but may reach its maximum abundance in Utah (Kearney 1935). Plants are winter hardy, especially in regions with at least periodic snow cover. They are most abundant on open or disturbed sites receiving 8 to 12 inches (200-300 mm) of annual precipitation (Wasser 1982; Stevens et al. 1985).PDF UPDATED: MAY 2024.

Showy goldeneye is a western species. Variety multiflora is the most widely distributed, occurring in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Variety nevadensis is more southerly, occurring in California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and as far south as Jalisco, Mexico. Variety brevifolia occurs in Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico (Schilling 2006). Variety multiflora is found at higher elevations or in moister habitats than variety nevadensis where their distributions overlap (Cronquist 1994). In Montana, variety multiflora is primarily found in...

Arrowleaf balsamroot is primarily a western species occurring from the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges to the Black Hills of South Dakota. It is found in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan and in the U.S. states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming (USDA FS 1937; Weber 2006). It is particularly widespread east of the Cascades at low to mid-elevations (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973).PDF UPDATED: FEBRUARY 2024.

Hoary tansyaster is common and broadly distributed throughout western North America, ranging from southern British Columbia south to Baja California and east to western North Dakota, western Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico (Cronquist et al. 1994; Morgan 2006). Variety canescens is the most widespread of the varieties, most of which have much more limited distributions (Table 1; Morgan 2006).PDF UPDATED: MAY 2024.

The black spruce cover type occupies roughly 10% of Minnesota's 7 million hectares of forestland, and is an important species, both ecologically and economically. A clearcut regeneration harvest is the main silvicultural system in black spruce in this region. The effects of managing black spruce with alternative silvicultural methods in the Lake States remains largely understudied. Here, we examine a silviculture study in lowland black spruce to assess the performance of two diameter growth models fit to this data compared to a widely-used model. Six silvicultural treatments (clearcut...

Multispectral LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data have been initially used for land cover classification. However, there are still high classification uncertainties, especially in urban areas, where objects are often mixed and confounded. This study investigated the efficiency of combining advanced statistical methods and LiDAR metrics derived from multispectral LiDAR data for improving land cover classification accuracy in urban areas. The study area is located in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. Multispectral Optech Titan LiDAR data over the study area were...

Using a partial market equilibrium framework, this study evaluated the US regional timber and wood products market impacts of a projected national level expansion in wood biomass consumption for energy. By restricting logging residue use, we focus on the impacts on timber harvests and paper production from increased pulpwood consumption and focus on the impacts on lumber production from increased mill residue consumption. Analyses showed that increased consumption of wood for energy led to diversion of about 37 million m3 of pulpwood away from pulpwood-using traditional products (e.g.,...

Storage is the critical operation within the biomass supply chain to reduce feedstock supply risks and to manage smooth year-around operations of a biorefinery or a bioenergy plant. This paper analyzed the economic and environmental impacts of four different biomass storage systems for woodchips (Outdoor-open, Outdoor-tarped, Indoor, and Silo) and two systems for pellets (Indoor and Silo). Storage cost includes the costs for handling (including ventilation in case of silo storage), infrastructure investment, and dry matter loss (DML) for each system. The estimation of total greenhouse gas...

Statistical process control (SPC) is an important strategy for manufacturing organizations seeking improved profitability in highly competitive businesses such as the treated wood industry. SPC is a well-established methodology that focuses on reducing variation of key process parameters. Such variation reduction can result in lower manufacturing costs, improved product quality, and enhanced environmental stewardship. This paper outlines a protocol for establishing SPC for the treated-wood industry.

In this article, we used the gravity model to study the effects of tariffs on US exports and imports of paper products that include paper, paperboard, and wood pulp. The results show that an increase in tariffs would have a small, significant, and asymmetric impact on US exports and imports of paper products. Furthermore, exchange rates, economic sizes of the United States and its trade partners, and internet use rates are found to be significant factors influencing US paper products trade. These results show that the United States has some leverage in promoting free trade in paper products.