Treesearch
Displaying 12,221 - 12,230 of 65,176 Publications- Alley crop systems, which combine field crops in wide alleys between rows of trees, have been presented as a sustainable land use that can generate economic benefits and ecosystem services. We created models of stochastic processes that simulate yields, prices, and costs for an alley crop system and two competing land uses: monocrop and pine plantation. The suite of models, called Agroforestry Land-use Economic Yield and Risk (ALLEY) Model 2.0, uses a Monte Carlo approach, iterating numerous times over a given time horizon, to estimate and compare expected values and distributions of...AuthorsGregory E. Frey, Michael A. Cary, Barry K. Goodwin, D. Evan. MercerKeywordsSourcee-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-235. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 35 p.Year2018
- We present a reconceptualization of forests in eastern North America by differentiating the ecological characteristics of open oak (Quercus) and pine (Pinus) forests from closed successional and oldgrowth forests. Despite historical abundance of savannas and woodlands, the fundamental ecology of open forest ecosystems remains ill-defined when compared to either closed forests or grasslands. Open forests were characterized by simple internal stand structure consisting of a single stratum of variably spaced, often very old overstory trees and limited midstory, maintained by understory...AuthorsBrice Hanberry, Don C. Bragg, Todd HutchinsonKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 9(10): e02431.Year2018
- In the CentralAmerican region, the aggressive, sibling bark beetles Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Dendroctonus mesoamericanus Armendáriz-Toledano & Sullivan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) commonly colonize pines concurrently, and in nature they avoid heterospecific pairing, although it can be produced in the lab. We performed walking arrestment bioassays in the lab to examine the capacity of both sexes of both species to discriminate odors from frass expelled from gallery entrances of either solitary females or conspecific pairs of...AuthorsAlicia Niño-Domínguez, Brian Sullivan, Jose Lopez-Urbina, Jorge E. Macías-SámanoKeywordsSourceEnvironmental EntomologyYear2018
- Invasions by insects introduced via international trade continue to cause worldwide impacts. Surveillance programs using traps baited with host volatiles and pheromones can detect incursions of nonnative species. We report on two experiments executed to determine if attractants for several insect species can be combined without compromising trap catches and detection ability of target species. In the first experiment, we tested the effect of bark beetle pheromones (plus α-pinene) and trap contact with foliage on trap catches of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemipter...AuthorsKevin Chase, Lloyd Stringer, Ruth Butler, Andrew M. Liebhold, Dan Miller, Peter Shearer, Eckehard G. BrockerhoffSourceJournal of Economic EntomologyYear2018
- We compared bottle traps to 4-unit multiple-funnel traps (both baited with ethanol and conophthorin) for relative efficacy in catching ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculio- nidae: Scolytinae) at four locations in the eastern United States. Our results were geographically inconsistent for three target species. Catches of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) in Ohio were greater in bottle traps than in funnel traps while the opposite occurred in Virginia, with no difference in Indiana. Catches of Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) were greater in funnel traps than in bottle traps in Georgia,...AuthorsDan Miller, Christopher Crowe, M.D. Ginzel, C.M. Ranger, P.B. SchultzKeywordsSourceJournal of Entomological ScienceYear2018
- Browse of forest understory vegetation by deer and other large ungulates alters ecosystem processes, making it difficult to regenerate forest land in herbivory-stressed areas. Seventy years ago, Aldo Leopold identified problem areas in the United States where overpopulation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was likely to lead to overbrowsing of nutritive plants. Species of plants with little or no nutritive value would thereby gain a competitive advantage. Recent measurements of browse impacts on regionwide forest inventory plots in the midwestern and northeastern United States...AuthorsWilliam McWilliams, Jim Westfall, Patrick Brose, Daniel C. Dey, Anthony W. D'Amato, Yvette L. Dickinson, Mary Ann Fajvan, Laura S. Kenefic, Christel C. Kern, Kenneth M. Laustsen, Shawn L. Lehman, Randall Morin, Todd Ristau, Alejandro A. Royo, Andrew M. Stoltman, Susan L. StoutKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. NRS-182. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 24 p.Year2018
- Forest ecosystems will be affected directly and indirectly by a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of 11 forest ecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, eastern Maryland, and southern New York) under a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and described a range of projected future climates. This information was used to parameterize and run multiple forest impact models, which provided a range of potential...AuthorsPatricia R. Butler-Leopold, Louis Iverson, Frank R. Thompson, Leslie Brandt, Stephen Handler, Maria Janowiak, P. Danielle Shannon, Chris Swanston, Scott Bearer, Alexander M. Bryan, Ken Clark, Greg Czarnecki, Philip DeSenze, William D. Dijak, Jacob S. Fraser, Paul F. Gugger, Andrea Hille, Justin Hynicka, Claire A. Jantz, Matthew C. Kelly, Katrina M. Krause, Inga La Puma, Deborah Landau, Richard G. Lathrop, Laura P. Leites, Evan Madlinger, Stephen Matthews, Gulnihal Ozbay, Matthew Peters, Anantha M. Prasad, David A. Schmit, Collin Shephard, Rebecca Shirer, Nicholas Skowronski, Al Steele, Susan L. Stout, Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy, John Thompson, Richard M. Turcotte, David A. Weinstein, Alfonso YáñezKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. NRS-181. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 294 p.Year2018
- Efforts to conserve bats in the western United States have long been impeded by a lack of information on their winter whereabouts, particularly bats in the genus Myotis. The recent arrival of white-nose syndrome in western North America has increased the urgency to characterize winter roost habitats in this region. We compiled 4,549 winter bat survey records from 2,888 unique structures across 11 western states. Myotis bats were reported from 18.5% of structures with 95% of aggregations composed of ≤10 individuals. Only 11 structures contained ≥100 Myotis individuals and 6 contained ≥500...AuthorsTed Weller, Thomas J. Rodhouse, Daniel J. Neubaum, Patricia C. Ormsbee, Rita D. Dixon, Diana L. Popp, Jason A. Williams, Scott D. Osborn, Bruce W. Rogers, Laura O. Beard, Angela M. McIntire, Kimberly A. Hersey, Abigail Tobin, Nichole L. Bjornlie, Jennifer Foote, Dan A. Bachen, Bryce A. Maxell, Michael L. Morrison, Shawn C. Thomas, George V Oliver, Kirk W. NavoKeywordsSourcePLOS ONE. 13(10): e0205647Year2018
- Renewed interest in non-native Eucalyptus species for planting in the southern US has been spurred by projections suggesting they are more productive than the widely cultured Pinus species, by warming temperatures, and by attempts to identify frost-tolerant species as well as developing genetically modified Eucalyptus for frost tolerance. In addition to questions of environmental suitability, the economic viability of Eucalyptus is a significant hurdle to widespread adoption for commercial plantings. We sought to assess the potential obtainable yields and economic feasibility of Eucalyptus...AuthorsJohn A. Stanturf, Timothy M. Young, James H. H. Perdue, Derek Dougherty, Michael Pigott, Zhimei Guo, Xia HuangSourceForest Policy and EconomicsYear2018
- The direction and magnitude of responses of evapotranspiration (ET) to climate change are important to understand, as ET represents a major water and energy flux from terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences that feed back to the climate system. We inferred multidecadal trends in water balance in 11 river basins (1940–2012) and eight smaller watersheds (with records ranging from 18 to 61 years in length) in the Northeastern United States. Trends in river basin actual ET (AET) varied across the region, with an apparent latitudinal pattern: AET increased in the cooler northern part of the...AuthorsMatthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Mark B. Green, Heidi Asbjornsen, John Campbell, Mary Beth Adams, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Douglas A. Burns, Ivan J. Fernandez, Myron J. Mitchell, James B. ShanleySourceHydrological ProcessesYear2018