Treesearch
Displaying 12,721 - 12,730 of 64,691 Publications- A tornado safe room is a shelter designed to provide protection during a tornado and is specifically engineered to resist the high wind pressures and debris impact generated by these high wind events. The required performance criteria of these shelters has been established and is found in the International Code Council Standard for the Design and Construction of Storm Shelters. A tornado safe room has been developed from commodity wood products and is described in “A Residential Tornado Safe Room from Commodity Wood Products: Design and Development”. In designing this structure, several...AuthorsRobert H. Falk, James Bridwell, Christopher Adam Senalik, Marshall BegelKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-254. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 1-21.Year2018
- The methane (CH4) budget and its source partitioning are poorly constrained in the Midwestern United States. We used tall tower (185 m) aerodynamic flux measurements and atmospheric scale factor Bayesian inversions to constrain the monthly budget and to partition the total budget into natural (e.g., wetlands) and anthropogenic (e.g., livestock, waste, and natural gas) sources for the period June 2016 to September 2017. Aerodynamic flux observations indicated that the landscape was a CH4 source with a mean annual CH4 flux of +13.7 ± 0.34 nmol m-2 s-1 and was rarely a net sink. The scale...AuthorsZichong Chen, Timothy J. Griffis, John M. Baker, Dylan B. Millet, Jeffrey D. Wood, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Arlyn E. Andrews, Colm Sweeney, Cheng Hu, Randy KolkaSourceJournal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 123(2): 646-659.Year2018
- Declines in the diversity of herbaceous and woody plant species in the understory of eastern North American hardwood forests are increasingly common. Forest managers are tasked with maintaining and/or promoting species diversity and resilience; however, the success of these efforts depends on a robust understanding of past and future system dynamics and identification and application of appropriate silvicultural interventions. We review how historical timber harvesting and land use, increases in deer population sizes, invasive species, and contemporary forest management practices interact...AuthorsChristopher R. Webster, Yvette L. Dickinson, Julia I Burton, Lee E. Frelich, Michael A. Jenkins, Christel C. Kern, Patricia Raymond, Michael R. Saunders, Michael B. Walters, John L. WillisKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and ManagementYear2018
- In the past several decades, a trend in forestry and silviculture has been toward promoting complexity in forest ecosystems, but how complexity is conceived and described has shifted over time as new ideas and terminology have been introduced. Historically, ecologically-focused silviculture has focused largely on manipulation of structural complexity, but often with the functional role of features in mind. Recently there has been a shift toward viewing complexity in an "adaptive" or "resilience" context, with a focus on understanding forests as complex adaptive systems. As new concepts and...AuthorsRobert T. Fahey, Brandon C. Alveshere, Julia I Burton, Anthony W. D'Amato, Yvette L. Dickinson, William S. Keeton, Christel C. Kern, Andrew J. Larson, Brian J. J. Palik, Klaus J. Puettmann, Michael R. Saunders, Christopher R. Webster, Jeff W. Atkins, Christopher M. Gough, Brady S. HardimanSourceForest Ecology and ManagementYear2018
- Urban and peri-urban forests produce numerous benefits for society. These include moderating the climate; reducing energy use in buildings; sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide; improving air and water quality; mitigating rainfall run-off and flooding; providing an aesthetic environment and recreational opportunities; enhancing human health and social well-being; and lowering noise impacts (Dwyer et al., 1992; Nowak and Dwyer, 2007; Dobbs, Martinez-Harms and Kendal, 2017). Inappropriate landscape design, tree selection and tree maintenance, however, can increase environmental costs...AuthorsDavid J. NowakSourceUnasylva. 69(1): 30-36.Year2018
- Shade factors, defined as the percentage of sky covered by foliage and branches within the perimeter of individual tree crowns, have been used to model the effects of trees on air pollutant uptake, building energy use and rainfall interception. For the past 30 years the primary source of shade factors was a database containing values from 47 species. In most cases, values were obtained from measurements on a single tree in one location. To expand this database 11,024 shade factors were obtained for 149 urban tree species through a photometric process applied to the predominant species in...AuthorsE. Gregory McPherson, Qingfu Xiao, Natalie S. van Doorn, Nels G. Johnson, Shannon Albers, Paula PeperKeywordsSourceUrban Forestry & Urban Greening. 31: 204-211Year2018
- Eleven taxa of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena in Polyporales are included in the phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (rpb2) sequences. New species Lopharia resupinata and L. sinensis are described and illustrated. Lopharia resupinata, from south-eastern China, is closely related to L. ayresii, and L. sinensis, from northern China, is related to L. cinerascens and L. mirabilis. Lopharia mirabilis specimens from temperate to tropical areas with varied hymenophore...AuthorsShi-Liang Liu, Karen K. Nakasone, Sheng-Hua Wu, Shuang-Hui He, Yu-Cheng DaiSourceMycoKeys. 32: 25-48.Year2018
- In the United States, tornadoes cause significant damage and result in many injuries and deaths. Although the development and use of tornado safe rooms have helped decrease the human toll associated with these events, the cost of these structures is often too high for many that could benefit from their use. The development of a nonproprietary residential tornado safe room constructed from commodity wood building products, buildable by a local contractor or do-it-yourselfer, and adaptable to existing homes, could lower the cost of these structures and result in more widespread use. This...AuthorsRobert H. Falk, James BridwellKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-253. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 1-8.Year2018
- Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and metaanalyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates...AuthorsAndré-Jean Francez, Andrea Fischer, Andreas Bohner, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Andy Smith, Angela Stanisci, Anikó Seres, Anja Schmidt, Anna Avila, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, Anzar A. Khuroo, Arne Verstraeten, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Bernard Bosman, Bernd Ahrends, Bill Parker, Birgit Sattler, Bo Yang, Bohdan Juráni, Brigitta Erschbamer, Carmen Eugenia Rodriguez Ortiz, Casper T. Christiansen, E. Carol Adair, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles A. Nock, Chi-Ling Chen, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dana Polyanskaya, David Fuentes Delgado, Dirk Wundram, Diyaa Radeideh, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Edward Crawford, Elena Preda, Elena Tropina, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Erzsébet Hornung, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, Evgeny A. Davydov, Evy Ampoorter, Fabio Padilha Bolzan, Felipe Varela, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Fernando T. Maestre, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Hofhansl, Florian Kitz, Flurin Sutter, Francisco Cuesta, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Franco Leandro de Souza, Frank Berninger, Franz Zehetner, Georg Wohlfahrt, George Vourlitis, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Gina Arena, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Grizelle Gonzalez, Authors Additional, Ian Yesilonis, Authors Additional, Lindsey Rustad, al. et, Ika Djukic, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Ana I. Sousa, Ana I. Lillebø, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alberto Humber, Alejandro Valdecantos, Alessandro Petraglia, Heather Alexander, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Anderson da Rocha GrippKeywordsSourceScience of The Total EnvironmentYear2018
- Violence is a widespread problem that affects the physical, mental, and social health of individuals and communities. Violence comes with an immense economic cost to its victims and society at large. Although violence interventions have traditionally targeted individuals, changes to the built environment in places where violence occurs show promise as practical, sustainable, and high-impact preventive measures. This review examines studies that use quasi-experimental or experimental designs to compare violence outcomes for treatment and control groups before and after a change is implemente...AuthorsMichelle Kondo, Elena Andreyeva, Eugenia C. South, John M. MacDonald, Charles C. BranasKeywordsSourceAnnual Review of Public HealthYear2018