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Displaying 15,521 - 15,530 of 64,750 Publications- Scenarios of future outcomes often provide context for policy decisions and can be a form of science communication, translating complex and uncertain relationships into stories for a broader audience. We conducted a survey experiment (n = 270) to test the effects of reading land use change scenarios on willingness to participate in land use planning activities. In the experiment, we tested three combinations of scenarios across two time periods, comparing survey responses of individuals reading a set of scenarios with individuals who did not read scenarios. Reading scenario narratives...AuthorsMichelle Johnson, Kathleen P. Bell, Mario F. TeislKeywordsSourceLand Use Policy. 57: 44-52.Year2016
- We report here the first genome sequence of the white-rot fungus Obba rivulsa (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a polypore known for its lignin-decomposing ability. The genome is based on the homokaryon 3A-2 originating in Finland. The genome is typical in size and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) content for wood-decomposing basidiomycetes.AuthorsOtto Miettinen, Robert Riley, Kerrie Barry, Daniel Cullen, Ronald P. de Vries, Matthieu Hainaut, Annele Hatakka, Bernard Henrissat, Kristiina Hilden, Rita Kuo, Kurt LaButti, Anna Lipzen, Miia R. Makela, Laura Sandor, Joseph W. Spatafora, Igor V. Grigoriev, David S. HibbettKeywordsSourceGenome Announcements, 4(5). pp. 1-2.Year2016
- Environmental change and long-term fire management in the western United States have created conditions that facilitate high-intensity burn areas in forested systems. Such burns may have dramatic effects on the soil microbial communities. In this study, we utilized experimental infrastructure in the Pringle Falls Experimental Forest in Oregon, where ten pairs of sites were assigned to either high burn (HB) or low burn (LB) intensity treatments to examine fungal community responses. In these treatments, understory shrubs and logging debris were masticated and broadcast burned (LB) or piled...AuthorsC. Reazin, S. Morris, Jane E. Smith, A.D. Cowan, A. JumpponenKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 377: 118-127Year2016
- Conservation biologists recognize that a system of isolated protected areas will be necessary but insufficient to meet biodiversity objectives. Current approaches to connecting core conservation areas through corridors consider optimal corridor placement based on a single optimization goal: commonly, maximizing the movement for a target species across a network of protected areas. We show that designing corridors for single species based on purely ecological criteria leads to extremely expensive linkages that are suboptimal for multispecies connectivity objectives. Similarly, acquiring the...AuthorsBistra Dilkina, Rachel Houtman, Carla P. Gomes, Claire A. Montgomery, Kevin S. McKelvey, Katherine Kendall, Tabitha A. Graves, Richard Bernstein, Michael K. SchwartzKeywordsSourceConservation Biology. 31(1): 192-202.Year2016
- Mountain environments are currently among the ecosystems least invaded by non-native species; however, mountains are increasingly under threat of non-native plant invasion. The slow pace of exotic plant invasions in mountain ecosystems is likely due to a combination of low anthropogenic disturbances, low propagule supply, and extreme/steep environmental gradients. The importance of any one of these factors is debated and likely ecosystem dependent.We evaluated the importance of various correlates of plant invasions in the Wallowa Mountain Range of northeastern Oregon and explored whether...AuthorsJoshua P. Averett, Bruce McCune, Catherine Parks, Bridgett Naylor, Tim DelCurto, Ricardo Mata-Gonz??lez, RunGuo ZangKeywordsSourcePLOS ONEYear2016
- Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework...AuthorsK. Banda-R, A. Delgado-Salinas, K. G. Dexter, R. Linares-Palomino, A. Oliveira-Filho, D. Prado, M. Pullan, C. Quintana, R. Riina, G. M. Rodriguez M., J. Weintritt, P. Acevedo-Rodriguez, J. Adarve, E. Alvarez, A. Aranguren B., J. C. Arteaga, G. Aymard, A. Castano, N. Ceballos-Mago, A. Cogollo, H. Cuadros, F. Delgado, W. Devia, H. Duenas, L. Fajardo, A. Fernandez, M. A. Fernandez, J. Franklin, E. H. Freid, L. A. Galetti, R. Gonto, R. Gonzalez-M., R. Graveson, Eileen Helmer, A. Idarraga, R. Lopez, H. Marcano-Vega, O. G. Martinez, H. M. Maturo, M. McDonald, K. McLaren, O. Melo, F. Mijares, V. Mogni, D. Molina, N. d. P. Moreno, J. M. Nassar, D. M. Neves, L. J. Oakley, M. Oatham, A. R. Olvera-Luna, F. F. Pezzini, O. J. R. Dominguez, M. E. Rios, O. Rivera, N. Rodriguez, A. Rojas, T. Sarkinen, R. Sanchez, M. Smith, C. Vargas, B. Villanueva, R. T. PenningtonKeywordsSourceScienceYear2016
- The use of satellite-derived classification maps to improve post-stratified forest parameter estimates is wellestablished.When reducing the variance of post-stratification estimates for forest change parameters such as forestgrowth, it is logical to use a change-related strata map. At the stand level, a time series of Landsat images isideally suited for producing such a map. In this study, we generate strata maps based on trajectories of LandsatThematicMapper-based normalized difference vegetation index values, with a focus on post-disturbance recoveryand recent measurements. These...AuthorsEvan B. Brooks, John W. Coulston, Randolph H. Wynne, Valerie A. ThomasSourceRemote Sensing of EnvironmentYear2016
- Efficient and complete degradation of woody plant cell walls requires the concerted action of hydrolytic and oxidative systems possessed by a relatively small group of filamentous basidiomycetous fungi. Among these wood decay species, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was the first to be sequenced (Martinez et al. 2004). In the intervening 10 years, over 100 related saprophytes have been sequenced. There genomes have revealed impressive sequence diversity. And recent functional analyses are providing a deeper understanding of their roles in the deconstruction of plant cell walls and the transform...AuthorsChiaki Hori, Daniel CullenKeywordsSourceIn: Gene Expression Systems in Fungi: Advancements and applications. pp. 161-181.Year2016
- 1. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011–2020), adopted at the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, sets 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets to be met by 2020 to address biodiversity loss and ensure its sustainable and equitable use. Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 describes what an improved conservation network would look like for marine, terrestrial and inland water areas, including freshwater ecosystems.2. To date, there is no comprehensive assessment of what needs to be achieved to meet Target 11 for freshwater biodiversity. Reports on...AuthorsDiego Juffe-Bignoli, Ian Harrison, Stuart HM Butchart, Rebecca Flitcroft, Virgilio Hermoso, Harry Jonas, Anna Lukasiewicz, Michele Thieme, Eren Turak, Heather Bingham, James Dalton, William Darwall, Marine Deguignet, Nigel Dudley, Royal Gardner, Jonathan Higgins, Ritesh Kumar, Simon Linke, G Randy Milton, Jamie Pittock, Kevin G Smith, Arnout van SoesbergenKeywordsSourceAquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 26: 133-151Year2016
- Background: Vegetation change in high latitude tundra ecosystems is expected to accelerate due to increased wildfire activity. High-severity fires increase the availability of mineral soil seedbeds, which facilitates recruitment, yet fire also alters soil microbial composition, which could significantly impact seedling establishment. Results: We investigated the effects of fire severity on soil biota and associated effects on plant performance for two plant species predicted to expand into Arctic tundra. We inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber experiment with soils collected from the...AuthorsRebecca E. Hewitt, Teresa Hollingsworth, F. Stuart Chapin III, D. Lee TaylorKeywordsSourceBMC EcologyYear2016