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Displaying 15,571 - 15,580 of 65,191 Publications- Recently, synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) were used to examine the metal fastener corrosion in copper-treated wood. XFM is able to map the copper concentration in the wood with a spatial resolution of 0.5 µm and is able to quantify the copper concentration to within 0.05 µg cm-3. XANES was used as a complimentary technique to differentiate between oxidation states of copper in the wood. While the primary goal of these measurements was to better understand the corrosion mechanisms, the measurements also give insights...AuthorsSamuel L. Zelinka, Grant T. Kirker, Joseph Jakes, Leandro Passarini, Barry LaiKeywordsSourceProceedings of CORROSION 2017. American Wood Protection Association: 172-178.Year2016
- Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) is an important conifer in much of the southeastern United States. However, the species and its associated ecosystems are in decline, and recent evidence about hybridization with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) raises concerns that the species may be at risk of further losses due to introgression. Although shortleaf pine is not widely planted for timber production, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, state forestry agencies, some conservation organizations, and private landowners use artificial regeneration to regenerate shortleaf...AuthorsJohn F. Stewart, Rodney Will, Barbara S. Crane, C. Dana NelsonSourceForest ScienceYear2016
- Climate change will likely have significant effects on forest ecosystems worldwide. In Mediterranean regions, such as that in southwestern Oregon, USA, changes will likely be driven mainly by wildfire and drought. To minimize the negative effects of climate change, resource managers require tools and information to assess climate change vulnerabilities and to develop and implement adaptation actions. We developed an approach to facilitate development and implementation of climate change adaptation options in forest management. This approach, applied in a southwestern Oregon study region,...AuthorsJessica E. Halofsky, David L. Peterson, Kerry L. Metlen, Gwyneth M. Myer, Alaric V. SampleKeywordsSourceForests. 2016. 7(11): 268Year2016
- The purpose of this study was to enhance the understanding of the health-promoting potential of trees in an urbanized region of the United States. This was done using high-resolution LiDAR and imagery data to quantify tree cover within 250 m of the residence of 7910 adult participants in the California Health Interview Survey, then testing for main and mediating associations between tree cover and multiple health measures. The results indicated that more neighborhood tree cover, independent from green space access, was related to better overall health, primarily mediated by lower overweight...AuthorsJared M. Ulmer, Kathleen Wolf, Desiree R. Backman, Raymond L. Tretheway, Cynthia JA Blain, Jarlath PM O’Neil-Dunne, Lawrence D. FrankKeywordsSourceHealth & Place. 2016. 42: 54-62.Year2016
- This report documents a decision-support process developed in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region to assess management opportunities as part of an ecosystem-based approach to management that emphasizes ecological resilience. The decision-support system described in this work implements what is known as the Integrated Restoration and Protection Strategy and was developed to allow the region to assess ecosystem resilience using a more consistent, efficient, and effective process; to identify priority restoration opportunities; and to manage resources and...AuthorsKeith M. Reynolds, Barry Bollenbacher, Chip Fisher, Melissa Hart, Mary Manning, Eric Henderson, Bruce SimsSourceFS-1031. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 182 p.Year2016
- This paper presents a simplified analytical model and balanced design approach for modeling lightweight wood-based structural panels in bending. Because many design parameters are required to input for the model of finite element analysis (FEA) during the preliminary design process and optimization, the equivalent method was developed to analyze the mechanical performance of panels based on experimental results. The bending deflection, normal strain and shear strain of the panels with various configurations were investigated using four point bending test. The results from the analytical...AuthorsJinghao Li, John F. Hunt, Shaoqin Gong, Zhiyong CaiKeywordsSourceComposite Structures. 136: 16-24Year2016
- This paper presents static and fatigue bending behavior for a wood-based structural panel having a slot and tab (S/T) construction technique. Comparisons were made with similarly fabricated panels without the S/T construction technique. Experimental results showed that both types of panels had similar bending properties in the static tests. However, the panels with S/T construction had better fatigue results. The failure modes were different for the two fabrication techniques. The panels without S/T debonded at the core:face interface. Whereas, the panels with S/T had cracks that propagated...AuthorsJinghao Li, John F. Hunt, Shaoqin Gong, Zhiyong CaiKeywordsSourceComposites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 82: 235-242.Year2016
Potential and limitations of inferring ecosystem photosynthetic capacity from leaf functional traits
The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the potential and limitations of using plant functional trait observations from global databases versus in situ data to improve our understanding of vegetation impacts on ecosystem functional properties (EFPs). Using ecosystem photosynthetic capacity as an example, we first provide an objective approach to derive robust EFP estimates from gross primary productivity (GPP) obtained from eddy covariance flux measurements. Second, we investigate the impact of synchronizing EFPs and plant functional traits in time and space to evaluate their...AuthorsTalie Musavi, Mirco Migliavacca, Martine Janet van de Weg, Jens Kattge, Georg Wohlfahrt, Peter M. van Bodegom, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Arnaud Carrara, Tomas F. Domingues, Michael Gavazzi, Damiano Gianelle, Cristina Gimeno, André Granier, Carsten Gruening, Kateřina Havránková, Mathias Herbst, Charmaine Hrynkiw, Aram Kalhori, Thomas Kaminski, Katja Klumpp, Pasi Kolari, Bernard Longdoz, Stefano Minerbi, Leonardo Montagnani, Eddy Moors, Walter C. Oechel, Peter B. Reich, Shani Rohatyn, Alessandra Rossi, Eyal Rotenberg, Andrej Varlagin, Matthew Wilkinson, Christian Wirth, Miguel D. MahechaKeywordsSourceEcology and EvolutionYear2016- Tropical exposure often represents a more severe environment for treated wood and wood based products. Accelerated tropical decay rates are typically attributed to higher mean rainfall and temperatures. The Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in Madison, WI has been conducting tropical field tests in a variety of locations since the early 1940’s. This paper summarizes FPL tests conducted in the tropics from 1945-2005 and discusses some of the difficulties in assessing tropical field data. Where appropriate, test results from tropical sites are contrasted with field data from temperate and...AuthorsGrant T. Kirker, Stan Lebow, Mark E. MankowskiKeywordsSource2016 Proceedings of the American Wood Protection Association. American Wood Protection Association: 210-217.Year2016
- Salt damage is a frequent problem in wood exposed to seawater and other saline environments. Symptoms of salt damage are often referred to as fuzzy wood and have been historically considered non-structural damage, but a growing number of customer inquiries have prompted a re-evaluation of this phenomenon. This paper details several case studies involving salt damage, discusses current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms and highlights on-going work at the Forest Products Laboratory to investigate the causes and effects of salt on wood. A better understanding of the salt damage process...AuthorsGrant T. Kirker, Samuel L. Zelinka, Leandro PassariniSource2016 Proceedings of the American Wood Protection Association. American Wood Protection Association: 179-185.Year2016