Treesearch
Displaying 16,991 - 17,000 of 65,191 Publications- Many environmental challenges are exacerbated within the urban landscape, such as stormwater runoff and flood risk, chemical and particulate pollution of urban air, soil and water, the urban heat island, and summer heat waves. Urban trees, and the urban forest as a whole, can be managed to have an impact on the urban water, heat, carbon and pollution cycles. However, there is an increasing need for empirical evidence as to the magnitude of the impacts, both beneficial and adverse, that urban trees can provide and the role that climatic region and built landscape circumstance play in...AuthorsS. J. Livesley, E. Gregory McPherson, C. CalfapietraSourceJournal of Environmental Quality. 45: 119-124Year2016
- Urban forestry is an important green infrastructure strategy because healthy trees can intercept rainfall, reducing stormwater runoff and pollutant loading. Surface saturation storage capacity, defined as the thin film of water that must wet tree surfaces before flow begins, is the most important variable influencing rainfall interception processes. Surface storage capacity is known to vary widely among tree species, but it is little studied. This research measured surface storage capacities of 20 urban tree species in a rainfall simulator. The measurement system included a rainfall...AuthorsQingfu Xiao, E. Gregory McPhersonSourceJournal of Environmental Quality. 45: 188-198Year2016
- Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five...AuthorsMarc Bonhomme, Audrey G. Quentin, Elizabeth A. Pinkard, Michael G. Ryan, David T. Tissue, L. Scott Baggett, Henry D. Adams, Pascale Maillard, Jacqueline Marchand, Simon M. Landhausser, Andre Lacointe, Yves Gibon, William R. L. Anderegg, Shinichi Asao, Owen K. Atkin, Renee A. Smith, Frank Sterck, Joseph R. Stinziano, Caroline Claye, Pak S. Chow, Anne Clement-Vidal, Noel W. Davies, L. Turin Dickman, Rita Dumbur, David S. Ellsworth, Kristen Falk, Lucía Galiano, Jose M. Grunzweig, Henrik Hartmann, Gunter Hoch, Sharon M. Hood, Joanna E. Jones, Takayoshi Koike, Iris Kuhlmann, Francisco Lloret, Melchor Maestro, Shawn D. Mansfield, Jordi Martinez-Vilalta, Mickael Maucourt, Nathan G. McDowell, Annick Moing, Bertrand Muller, Sergio G. Nebauer, Ulo Niinemets, Sara Palacio, Frida Piper, Eran Raveh, Andreas Richter, Gaelle Rolland, Teresa Rosas, Brigitte Saint Joanis, Anna Sala, Faride Unda, Makoto Watanabe, Danielle A. Way, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Birgit Wild, Erin Wiley, David R. Woodruff, Mari TobiasKeywordsSourceTree Physiology. 35: 1146-1165.Year2016
- Natural resource vulnerability to climate change can depend on the climatology and ecological conditions at a particular site. Here we present a conceptual framework for incorporating spatial variability in natural resource vulnerability to climate change in a regional-scale assessment. The framework was implemented in the first regional-scale vulnerability assessment conducted by the US Forest Service. During this assessment, five subregional workshops were held to capture variability in vulnerability and to develop adaptation tactics. At each workshop, participants answered a questionnair...AuthorsPolly C. Buotte, David L. Peterson, Kevin S. McKelvey, Jeffrey A. HickeSourceJournal of Environmental Management. 169: 313-318.Year2016
- Occupancy models are widely used to analyze presence-absence data for a variety of taxa while accounting for observation error (MacKenzie et al. 2002, 2006; Tyre et al. 2003; Royle and Dorazio 2008). Hayes and Monfils (2015) question their use for analyzing avian point count data based on purported violations of model assumptions incurred by avian mobility. Animal mobility is an important consideration, not just for occupancy models, but for a variety of population and habitat models (Boyce 2006, Royle et al. 2009, Manning and Goldberg 2010, Dormann et al. 2013, Renner et al. 2015)....AuthorsQuresh Latif, Martha Ellis, Courtney L. AmundsonKeywordsSourceJournal of Wildlife Management. 80(2): 192-194.Year2016
- Drought can have severe impacts on rangeland ecosystems in North America. For the purposes of this chapter, rangelands include natural grasslands, savannas, shrublands, many deserts, tundras, alpine communities, marshes, meadows, and woodlands. Drought impacts vary depending on the severity, frequency, duration, and aerial extent of the drought(s); how the land is managed; and whether plans are in place and implemented to respond to drought. Drought can be simply defined as "a lack of water" characteristic of time, not of place; or it can be defined in a climatic context, as "precipitation...AuthorsDeborah M. Finch, Rosemary L. Pendleton, Matt C. Reeves, Jeffrey E. Ott, Francis F. Kilkenny, Jack L. Butler, Jacqueline P. Ott, Jeremy R. Pinto, Paulette L. Ford, Justin B. Runyon, Mark A. Rumble, Stanley G. KitchenSourceIn: Vose, James M.; Clark, James S.; Luce, Charles H.; Patel-Weynard, Toral, eds. Effects of drought on forests and rangelands in the United States: A comprehensive science synthesis. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-93b. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office. p. 155-194.Year2016
- Snags provide habitat for numerous species of wildlife. Several authors have provided recommendations for snag retention in southwestern mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. Most recommendations were presented in terms of minimum snag density and/or size. I summarized the history of recommendations for snag retention in these forest types, and used data from a current study of snag populations (conducted within Coconino and Kaibab National Forests, north-central AZ, USA, 1997 through 2012) to assess congruence between existing snag populations and various recommendati...AuthorsJoseph L. GaneyKeywordsSourceWildlife Society Bulletin. doi: 10.1002/wsb.609.Year2016
- The ecological impacts of modern global climate change are detectable in a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from shifts in species ranges to changes in community composition and human disease dynamics. So far, however, little attention has been given to temporal changes in spatial synchrony—the coincident change in abundance or value across the landscape—despite the importance of environmental synchrony as a driver of population trends and the central role of environmental variability in population rescue and extinction. Here we demonstrate that across North America, spatial synchrony of...AuthorsWalter D. Koenig, Andrew M. LiebholdSourceNature Climate ChangeYear2016
- Understanding employment trends is important for discerning the economic vitality of U.S. hardwood lumber users. After a period of growth in the 1990s, employment in industries consuming hardwood lumber has declined in the 21st century. The wood household furniture industry has experienced the greatest decline, with North Carolina, Virginia, and California being the states most affected. Nearly all of the decline in employment in the furniture industry can be attributed to increased importation of this product. Millwork and kitchen cabinets are industries associated with home construction....AuthorsWilliam Luppold, Matt BumgardnerKeywordsSourceBioResources. 11(2): 3123-3135.Year2016
- This study examines the production and efficiency of wildland fire suppression effort. We estimate the effectiveness of suppression resource inputs to produce controlled fire lines that contain large wildland fires using stochastic frontier analysis. Determinants of inefficiency are identified and the effects of these determinants on the daily production of controlled fire line are examined. Results indicate that the use of bulldozers and fire engines increase the production of controlled fire line, while firefighter crews do not tend to contribute to controlled fire line production....AuthorsHari Katuwal, Dave E. Calkin, Michael HandSourceJournal of Environmental Management. 166: 227-236.Year2016