Treesearch
Displaying 17,441 - 17,450 of 65,176 Publications- Recent bark beetle outbreaks in western North America have led to concerns regarding changes in fuel profiles and associated changes in fire behavior. Data are lacking for a range of infestation severities and time since outbreak, especially for relatively arid cover types. We surveyed fuel loads and simulated fire behavior for ponderosa pine stands of the Colorado Plateau 15-20 years after bark beetle infestation (i.e., "old-stage"). Increasing infestation severity resulted in reduced canopy bulk density, canopy base height, canopy cover, and litter loads whereas woody fuel loads were...AuthorsE. Matthew Hansen, Morris C. Johnson, Barbara J. Bentz, James C. Vandygriff, A. Steven MunsonKeywordsSourceForest Science. 61(4): 644-664.Year2015
- Extracts from sawdust of four naturally durable wood species [Alaskan yellow cedar, AYC, Cupressus nootkanansis D. Don 1824; eastern red cedar, ERC, Juniperus virginiana L.; honey mesquite, HM, Prosopis glandulosa Torr.; and black locust, BL, Robinia pseudoacacia L.] were used to treat southern pine, Pt, Pinus taeda L. sapwood blocks. Extractive treated blocks were evaluated for decay resistance in standard soil bottle fungal assays challenged with brown and white rot decay fungi. Results showed that extractives did impart some improvement to decay resistance of Pt blocks. BL- and HM-treate...AuthorsGrant T. Kirker, Amy B. Bishell, Patricia K. LebowKeywordsSourceJournal of Economic EntomologyYear2015
- Wood rot is a serious fungal disease of trees. Wood decay fungi penetrate and gain entry into trees through pruning cuts or open wounds using extracellular digestive enzymes to attack all components of the cell wall, leading to the destruction of sapwood which compromises wood strength and stability. On living trees, it is often difficult to diagnose wood rot disease, particularly during extreme weather conditions when trees can fail, causing tree parts to fall onto people and property. Today, tree stability evaluation and inner decay detection are performed visually and by the use of...AuthorsManuela Baietto, Sofia Aquaro, Dan D. Wilson, Letizia Pozzi, Danieli BassiKeywordsSourceSensors & TransducersYear2015
- The Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) is one of seven regional units that make up the USDA Forest Service Research and Development organization - the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 12 field laboratories throughout a 12-state territory encompassing the Great Basin, Southwest, Rocky Mountains and parts of the Great Plains (see map). Our research program serves the Forest Service as well as other federal and state agencies, international organizations, Tribes, academia, non-profit groups and individuals.SourceFort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 4 p.Year2015
- This article describes the development and initial results of the Western North Carolina Mounds and Towns Project, a collaborative endeavor initiated by the Tribal Historic Preservation Office of the Eastern Band of Cherokee and the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research Program at the University of Georgia. The goal of this project is to generate new information about the distribution of late prehistoric mounds and historic period townhouses in western North Carolina. This ongoing research has produced updated location and chronological data for 15 Mississippian period mounds and historic...AuthorsBenjamin A. SteereSourceSoutheastern ArchaeologyYear2015
- The main objective of the paper is to estimate the influence of time of concentration (TC) on maximum flow in an urbanized watershed. The calculations of maximum flow have been carried out using the Rational method, Technical Release 55 (TR55) procedure based on NRCS (National Resources Conservation Services) guidelines, and NRCS-UH rainfall-runoff model. Similarly, three methods were used to calculate the overland flow component of the TC: the Kerby method, the Morgali and Linsley method and the NRCS travel time method. The TC was calculated in a watershed located in Krakow city in...AuthorsDevendra M. Amatya, Agnieszka Cupak, Andrzej WalegaKeywordsSourceGeomatics, Landmanagement and LandscapeYear2015
- Mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality has substantially changed live tree biomass in lodgepole pine ecosystems in western North America since 2000. We studied how beetle-caused mortality altered ecosystem carbon (C) stocks and productivity using a central US Rockies age sequence of ecosystem recovery after infestation, augmented with growth-and-yield model simulations. Field measurements showed that total C stocks were reduced by beetle outbreaks, although differences compared with undisturbed stands were not easily distinguished. Simulations with outbreaks showed long-term C losses...AuthorsE. Matthew Hansen, Michael C. Amacher, Helga Van Miegroet, James N. Long, Michael G. RyanSourceForest Science. 61(4): 665-679.Year2015
- Large trees provide many ecological services in forests. They provide seeds for reproduction and food, habitat for plants and animals, and shade for understory vegetation. Older trees and forests store large quantities of carbon, tend to release more water to streams than their more rapidly growing younger counterparts, and provide wood for human use. Mature trees of many species also record past climate in their rings, providing clues about how plants have endured enormous climate variability over the ages. Finally, large trees inspire and comfort many, helping to connect us with the...AuthorsMichael G. RyanKeywordsSourceNature Plants. 1: Article 15150.Year2015
- How trees sense source-sink carbon balance remains unclear. One potential mechanism is a feedback from non-structural carbohydrates regulating photosynthesis and removing excess as waste respiration when the balance of photosynthesis against growth and metabolic activity changes. We tested this carbohydrate regulation of photosynthesis and respiration using branch girdling in four tree species in a wet tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. Because girdling severs phloem to stop carbohydrate export while leaving xylem intact to allow photosynthesis, we expected carbohydrates to accumulate in...AuthorsShinichi Asao, Michael G. RyanKeywordsSourceTree Physiology. 35: 608-620.Year2015
- A challenge for the development of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land surface components of Earth system models (ESMs) is improving representation of carbon (C) exchange between terrestrial plants and the atmosphere, and incorporating biological variation arising from diversity in plant functional types (PFTs) and climate (Sitch et al., 2008; Booth et al., 2012; Prentice & Cowling, 2013; Fisher et al., 2014). Accounting for patterns in leaf respiratory CO2 release in darkness (Rdark) in TBMs and ESMs is crucial (King et al., 2006; Huntingford et al., 2013; Wythers et...AuthorsOwen K. Atkin, Keith J. Bloomfield, Peter B. Reich, Mark G. Tjoelker, Gregory P. Asner, Damien Bonal, Gerhard Bonisch, Matt G. Bradford, Lucas A. Cernusak, Eric G. Cosio, Danielle Creek, Kristine Y. Crous, Tomas F. Domingues, Jeffrey S. Dukes, John J. G. Egerton, John R. Evans, Graham D. Farquhar, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Paul P. G. Gauthier, Emanuel Gloor, Teresa E. Gimeno, Kevin L. Griffin, Rossella Guerrieri, Mary A. Heskel, Chris Huntingford, Franc_oise Yoko Ishida, Jens Kattge, Hans Lambers, Michael J. Liddell, Jon Lloyd, Christopher H. Lusk, Roberta E. Martin, Ayal P. Maksimov, Trofim C. Maximov, Yadvinder Malhi, Belinda E. Medlyn, Patrick Meir, Lina M. Mercado, Nicholas Mirotchnick, Desmond Ng, Ulo Niinemets, Odhran S. O’Sullivan, Oliver L. Phillips, Lourens Poorter, Pieter Poot, I. Colin Prentice, Norma Salinas, Lucy M. Rowland, Michael G. Ryan, Stephen Sitch, Martijn Slot, Nicholas G. Smith, Matthew H. Turnbull, Mark C. VanderWel, Fernando Valladares, Erik J. Veneklaas, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Christian Wirth, Ian J. Wright, Kirk R. Wythers, Jen Xiang, Shuang Xiang, Joana Zaragoza-CastellsKeywordsSourceNew Phytologist. 206: 614.636.Year2015