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Displaying 18,971 - 18,980 of 65,202 Publications- A series of research studies addressing the effect of prescribed fire on oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration has been ongoing on the Fernow Experimental Forest in northeastern West Virginia for 10 years. The study site is a mesic, mixed oak forest. Two prescribed fires were conducted in spring 2002 and 2005. In 2010, a shelterwood harvest was conducted. A complementary study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the prescribed fires on the quality and marketability of the wood removed in this harvest. Seventy-four logs from the four most populous commercial species located on the study...AuthorsJan K. Wiedenbeck, Thomas M. SchulerSourceIn: Groninger, John W.; Holzmueller, Eric J.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Dey, Daniel C., eds. Proceedings, 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2014 March 10-12; Carbondale, IL. General Technical Report NRS-P-142. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 202-212.Year2014
- The fraction of evapotranspiration (ET) attributed to plant transpiration (T) is an important source of uncertainty in terrestrial water fluxes and land surface modeling (Lawrence et al. 2007, Miralles et al. 2011). Jasechko et al. (2013) used stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios from 73 large lakes to investigate the relative roles of evaporation (E) and T in ET from their catchments and to estimate global T/ET. Two recent contributions have addressed data issues with their work highlighting uncertainty propagation (Coenders-Gerrits et al. 2014) and global interception estimates...AuthorsDaniel R. Schlaepfer, Brent E. Ewers, Bryan N. Shuman, David G. Williams, John M. Frank, William J. Massman, William K. LauenrothKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 5(5): Article 61.Year2014
- Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25°S–61°N latitude,...AuthorsKristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Stuart J. Davies, Amy C. Bennett, Erika B. Gonzalez-Akre, Helene C. Muller-Landau, S. Joseph Wright, Kamariah Abu Salim, Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Alfonso Alonso, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Yves Basset, Norman A. Bourg, Eben N. Broadbent, Warren Y. Brockelman, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, David F. R. P. Burslem, Nathalie Butt, Min Cao, Dairon Cardenas, George B. Chuyong, Keith Clay, Susan Cordell, Handanakere S. Dattaraja, Xiaobao Deng, Matteo Detto, Xiaojun Du, Alvaro Duque, David L. Erikson, Corneille E.N. Ewango, Gunter A. Fischer, Christine Fletcher, Robin B. Foster, Christian P. Giardina, Gregory S. Gilbert, Nimal Gunatilleke, Savitri Gunatilleke, Zhanqing Hao, William Hargrove, Terese B. Hart, Billy C.H. Hau, Fangliang He, Forrest M. Hoffman, Robert W. Howe, Stephen P. Hubbell, Faith M. Inman-Narahari, Patrick A. Jansen, Mingxi Jiang, Daniel Johnson, Mamoru Kanzaki, Abdul Rahman Kassim, David Kenfack, Staline Kibet, Margaret F. Kinnaird, Lisa Korte, Kamil Kral, Jitendra Kumar, Andrew J. Larson, Yide Li, Xiankun Li, Shirong Liu, Shawn K.Y. Lum, James A. Lutz, Keping Ma, Damian M. Maddalena, Jean-Remy Makana, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Sean M. McMahon, William J. McShea, Hervé R. Memiaghe, Xiangcheng Mi, Takashi Mizuno, Michael Morecroft, Jonathan A. Myers, Vojtech Novotny, Alexandre A. de Oliveira, Perry S. Ong, David A. Orwig, Rebecca Ostertag, Jan den Ouden, Geoffrey G. Parker, Richard P. Phillips, Lawren Sack, Moses N. Sainge, Weiguo Sang, Kriangsak Sri-ngernyuang, Raman Sukumar, I-Fang Sun, Witchaphart Sungpalee, Hebbalalu Sathyanarayana Suresh, Sylvester Tan, Sean C. Thomas, Duncan W. Thomas, Jill Thompson, Benjamin L. Turner, Maria Uriarte, Renato Valencia, Marta I. Vallejo, Alberto Vicentini, Tomáš Vrška, Xihua Wang, Xugao Wang, George Weiblen, Amy Wolf, Han Xu, Sandra Yap, Jess ZimmermanKeywordsSourceGlobal Change Biology. 21(2): 528-549Year2014
- Bark beetle outbreaks and wildfires are principal drivers of change in western North American forests, and both have increased in severity and extent in recent years. These two agents of disturbance interact in complex ways to shape forest structure and composition. For example, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, epidemics alter forest fuels with consequences for the frequency and intensity of wildfires and, conversely, fire injury to trees can promote bark beetle attack and increase beetle populations. Given the great influence these processes have on forest ecosystems,...AuthorsMichael J. Jenkins, Justin B. Runyon, Christopher J. Fettig, Wesley G. Page, Barbara J. BentzKeywordsSourceForest Science. 60(3): 489-501.Year2014
- Hawaiian lowland wet forests are heavily invaded and their restoration is most likely to be successful if native species selected for restoration have efficient resource-use traits. We evaluated growth, survival, and ecophysiological responses of four native and four invasive species in a greenhouse experiment that simulated reduced light and water conditions commonly found in invaded field conditions. Our results show that light is a more important limiting resource than water for all species. Specifically, values for photosynthesis, light compensation point, light saturation point,...AuthorsJodie R. Schulten, T. Colleen Cole, Susan Cordell, Keiko M. Publico, Rebecca Ostertag, Jaime E. Enoka, Jené D. MichaudSourcePacific Science 68(2): 267-285Year2014
- Interacting threats to ecosystem function, including climate change, wildfire, and invasive species necessitate native plant restoration in desert ecosystems. However, native plant restoration efforts often remain unguided by ecological genetic information. Given that many ecosystems are in flux from climate change, restoration plans need to account for both contemporary and future climates when choosing seed sources. In this study we analyze vegetative responses, including mortality, growth, and carbon isotope ratios in two blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) common gardens that included...AuthorsBryce A. Richardson, Stanley G. Kitchen, Rosemary L. Pendleton, Burton K. Pendleton, Matthew J. Germino, Gerald Rehfeldt, Susan E. MeyerKeywordsSourceEcological Applications. 24(2): 413-427.Year2014
- We conducted a comparison of carbon stock estimates produced by three different methods using regional data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA). Two methods incorporated by the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) were compared to each other and to the current FIA component ratio method. We also examined the uncalibrated performance of FVS growth simulations for predicting net carbon accumulation in live trees. In general, the three carbon stock estimation approaches do not produce estimates that are either equivalent or are simply convertible. A strong spatial...AuthorsRichard G. MacLean, Mark J. Ducey, Coeli HooverKeywordsSourceForest Science. 60(2): 206-213.Year2014
- Ozone (O3) data are sparse for remote, non-urban mountain areas of the western U.S. Ozone was monitored 2007e2011 at high elevation sites in national forests in Colorado and northeastern Utah using a portable battery-powered O3 monitor. The data suggest that many of these remote locations already have O3 concentrations that would contribute to exceedance of the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O3 and most could exceed a proposed more stringent secondary standard. There were significant year-to-year differences in O3 concentration. Ozone was primarily in the...AuthorsRobert C. Musselman, John L. KorfmacherKeywordsSourceAtmospheric Environment. 82: 383-390Year2014
- Upland headwater catchments, such as those in the AppalachianMountain region, are typified by coarse textured soils, flashy hydrologic response, and low baseflow of streams, suggesting well drained soils and minimal groundwater storage. Model formulations of soil genesis, nutrient cycling, critical loads and rainfall/runoff response are typically based on vertical percolation, development of soil horizons parallel to the land surface, mineral weathering inputs limited to the rooting zone and drainage from lumped catchment reservoirs (e.g., the subsoil) as the dominant source of stream...AuthorsScott Bailey, Patricia A. Brousseau, Kevin J. McGuire, Donald S. RossKeywordsSourceGeoderma. 226-227: 279-289.Year2014
- We investigated rehabilitation of mixedwood stands degraded by exploitative cutting on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine. Three precommercial rehabilitation treatments were applied: control (no rehabilitation), moderate rehabilitation (crop tree release [CTR]), and intensive rehabilitation (CTR, timber stand improvement [TSI], and red spruce fill planting). Crop trees (primarily red maple, paper birch, spruce, aspen, and eastern hemlock) were selected and released based on their potential for improved growth and value, spacing, and species composition. Rehabilitation reduced...AuthorsLaura S. Kenefic, Mohammad Bataineh, Jeremy S. Wilson, John Brissette, Ralph D. NylandKeywordsSourceJournal of Forestry. 112(3): 261-271.Year2014