Treesearch

Within minutes after emission, rapid, complex photochemistry within a biomass burning smoke plume can cause large changes in the concentrations of ozone (O3) and organic aerosol (OA). Being able to understand and simulate this rapid chemical evolution under 5 a wide variety of conditions is a critical part of forecasting the impact of these fires on air quality, atmospheric composition, and climate. Here we use version 2.1 of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP) to simulate the evolution of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) within a young biomass burning smoke plume from the Williams...

This paper provides an overview and summary of the current state of knowledge regarding critical atmospheric processes that affect the distribution and concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols emitted from wildland fires or produced through subsequent chemical reactions in the atmosphere. These critical atmospheric processes include the dynamics of plume rise, chemical reactions involving smoke plume constituents, the long-range transport of smoke plumes, and the potential transport of gases and aerosols from wildland fires into the stratosphere. In the area of plume-rise dynamics,...

Global warming and human-driven impacts are changing the World’s ecological zones. This book applies the principles described in Bailey’s Ecosystem Geography: From Ecoregions to Sites, 2nd ed. (Springer 2009, 1st ed. 1996) to describe and characterize the major terrestrial and aquatic ecological zones of the Earth. Bailey’s system for classifying these zones has been adopted by major organizations such as the U.S. Forest Service and The Nature Conservancy and this book is a significant contribution to a long tradition of classifying and studying the world’s ecological regions or ecoregions....

An analysis of trees in Douglas County, Kansas, reveals that this area has about 14,164,000 trees with tree and shrub canopy that covers 25.2 percent of the county. The most common tree species are American elm, northern hackberry, eastern redcedar, Osage-orange, and honeylocust. Trees in Douglas County currently store about 1.7 million tons of carbon (6.4 million tons CO2) valued at $124 million. In addition, these trees remove about 82,000 tons of carbon per year (300,000 tons CO2 per year valued at $5.8 million per year) and about 3,870 tons of air pollution per year ($17.7 million per...

Scientists explore how to best protect the environments they manage by balancing the number of visitors to the backcountry/wilderness areas. In this study, they wanted to answer two questions: 1) How many people in the United States are projected to participate in four backcountry and wilderness activities in 2016 compared with participation in 2008? 2) On average, how many days per year is each person projected to participate in 2016 compared with the number of days per year in 2008?

Morel mushrooms are found across the Northern Hemisphere. Because morels are found in so many places, they can look different and are found in many different habitats. Not much scientific research has been done on morels growing in the Mid-Atlantic region. In the Mid-Atlantic region, therefore, morel ecology is still a mystery. To learn more about morel mushrooms, the scientists reviewed research about these mushrooms from the Pacific Northwest region. Morels grow, among other places, in national parks of the Mid-Atlantic region. Some park managers were worried that the morel population...

Welcome to the Natural IQ- a sister publication of Natural Inquirer. Natural IQ is a regional publication. This edition focuses on climate change research in the Southern United States. In one article, you will learn whether the 13 Southern States have held or released more carbon into the atmosphere over the last 100 years. In another article, you will think about what will happen to streams when different species of trees are planted close to them. Another article will help you discover whether scientists are predicting more or fewer wildfires in the South's future. You will learn how...