Treesearch

Plant hydraulic characteristics were studied in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes of Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae) to investigate the potential physiological basis underlying the intraspecific habitat differentiation among plants of different ploidy levels.

A 2009 telephone survey of 1,402 Indiana adults was conducted to assess opinions regarding woodland management. Forty-eight percent said they were "very concerned" about the health and productivity of Indiana's woodlands, and 45 percent, "somewhat concerned." Almost half (47 percent) thought that the state's woodlands are held in about "equal government and private ownership," and 26 percent thought most woodlands are "government" owned (in fact, roughly 85 percent of the state's forest lands are privately owned). When informed that "Indiana's State Forest System makes up about 3 percent...

We conducted two field trapping experiments with multiple-funnel traps in 2008 and one experiment in 2010 to determine the effects of lure placement (inside or outside funnels) on catches of saproxylic species of beetles (Coleoptera). The experiments were conducted in southern pine (Pinus spp.) stands in central Georgia using combinations of ethanol,
α-pinene, ipsenol, and ipsdienol lures.We report on a modification to the multiple-funnel trap that allows placement of large lures inside the confines of the funnels with minimal blockage. In general, catches of five species of common...

The recorded history of bonding wood dates back at least 3000 years to the Egyptians (Skeist and Miron 1990, River 1994a), and adhesive bonding goes back to early mankind (Keimel 2003). Although wood and paper bonding are the largest applications for adhesives, some of the fundamental aspects leading to good bonds are not fully understood. Better understanding of these critical aspects of wood adhesion should lead to improved wood products. The chemistry of adhesives has been covered in detail (Pizzi 2003a—f); however, the fundamentals of adhesive mechanical performance are not well...

Conditions in forested ecosystems of southern Indiana are described before initiation of silvicultural treatments for the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment (HEE). The HEE is a 100-year study begun in 2006 in Morgan-Monroe and Yellowwood State Forests to improve the sustainability of forest resources and quality of life of Indiana residents by understanding ecosystem and human responses to forest management. Human-focused articles detail the history of disturbance from pre-Columbian times, the evolution of forest policy and management, values associated with the state forests that host the HEE,...

Yellow-cedar has been dying across 600 miles of North Pacific coastal rain forest—from Alaska to British Columbia—since about 1880. Thirty years ago, a small group of pathologists began investigating possible biotic causes of the decline. When no biotic cause could be found, the scope broadened into a research program that eventually encompassed the fields of ecology, soils, hydrology, ecophysiology, dendrochronology, climatology, and landscape analysis. Combined studies ultimately revealed that the loss of this culturally, economically, and ecologically valuable tree is caused by a...

The forests of southern Indiana have been shaped and defined by anthropogenic disturbance. Native Americans influenced composition and structure through land clearing and burning, but the scale and rate of human disturbance intensified with European settlement. Sustained settlement led to the loss of forest land to agriculture and livestock grazing. Forests were also harvested to meet the needs of a growing population. The unglaciated hills of south-central Indiana proved unsuitable for agriculture, and during the Great Depression degraded lands were abandoned and ultimately incorporated...

Indiana's landscape and forests today are largely the result of Ice Age glaciations, Native Americans' use of fire, and over-harvesting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Any intentional management of the forest was not generally apparent until the early 1900s. Early visionaries at that time recognized the future impact forest depletion would have on the state's well-being and enacted legislation providing tax incentives to maintain land in forest cover. Some even-aged management has been applied to Indiana's forests and continues to be to some extent, but uneven-aged management is...

In 2008, a harvest and utilization study was conducted on 28 operations in eastern Oklahoma. There were 682 total trees measured: 509 or 75 percent were softwood, while 173 or 25 percent were hardwood. Results from this study showed that 86 percent of the total softwood volume measured was utilized for a product, and 14 percent was left as logging residue. Seventy-four percent of the total hardwood volume measured was utilized for a product, while 26 percent was left as logging residue.

The fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in bats, thrives in the cold and moist conditions found in caves where bats hibernate. To aid managers and researchers address this disease, an updated and accessible review of cave hibernacula and cave microclimates is presented. To maximize energy savings and reduce evaporative water loss during winter, most temperate vespertilionid bats in North America select caves with temperatures between 2 and 10 °C, with 60%–100% relative humidity. Generally, the temperature in caves is similar to the mean annual surface...