Treesearch

In the latest literature, climate models show that the conditions for pines, spruces, larches, and birches will deteriorate significantly. In Poland, as well as in other European countries, there are already signs of the decline of these species. This review article deals with the symbiotic relationships between fungi and plants, which can hardly be overestimated, using the example of pine trees. These are the oldest known symbiotic relationships, which are of great benefit to both components and can help plants, in particular, survive periods of severe drought and the attack of pathogens...

Carbon (C) in gaseous form is a component of several greenhouse gases emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels. C movement between the atmosphere, land (biosphere and lithosphere), and ocean (hydrosphere) alters the total amount in each pool. Human activities accelerate C movement into the atmosphere, causing increases in temperature. This shift from terrestrial and oceanic C pools to the atmosphere causes an increase in the intensity, frequency, and duration of catastrophic climate disturbances. Although society hears and reads about C emissions, there is a lack of understanding of...

The South’s production of pulpwood decreased from 59.0 million cords in 2021 to 56.0 million cords in 2022. Roundwood production decreased by 2.7 million cords to 41.6 million cords and accounted for 74 percent of the South’s total pulpwood production. The use of wood residue decreased by 2 percent to 14.5 million cords in 2022. Alabama and Georgia led the South in total production, with 9.0 and 8.9 million cords, respectively. In 2022, 71 mills were operating and drawing wood from all 13 Southern States.

Climate-induced changes to fire regimes have cascading effects on ecosystem characteristics. Evidence from forested ecosystems in the western United States suggests that interactions between climate and fire will have lasting effects that alter the ecosystem services and values historically provisioned by these landscapes, especially in the Southwest. A diverse science–management partnership, Southwest Fire-Climate Interactions in Montane Ecosystems (Southwest FireCLIME), was formed to evaluate how fire regimes, fuels, and fire effects will shift across landscapes in the Southwest as...

Species distribution models contain bias, or inaccurate predictions, due to predictors and species occurrences. Collinearity of predictor variables is a concern limited to standard error of estimates for data models, although issues remain about identification of important variables and model transferability, whereas thinning of species occurrences is not likely to improve samples without information about species characteristics. Here, I present a case study of selection of correlated climate variables and thinning of species samples for distributions of 80 tree species in North America,...

Trees use nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) to support many functions, including recovery from disturbances. However, NSC’s importance for recovery following fire and whether NSC depletion contributes to post-fire delayed mortality are largely unknown. We investigated how fire affects NSCs based on fire-caused injury from a prescribed fire in a young Pinus ponderosa (Lawson & C. Lawson) stand. We assessed crown injury (needle scorch and bud kill) and measured NSCs of needles and inner bark (i.e., secondary phloem) of branches and main stems of trees subject to fire and at an adjacent...

Species richness, body size, and range size are among key subjects in animal macroecology and biogeography. To date, the species richness–body size–range size nexus remains largely understudied at a global scale and for large taxonomic groups. Here we examine the relative role of species richness and body size in determining species range size among terrestrial vertebrates across spatial and taxonomic scales. We then test related hypotheses in the context of Rapoport’s rule, latitude, and climate variation. To do this, we used simultaneous autoregressive analysis and structural equation...

Species range size is a central topic in macroecology, biogeography and conservation biology. Species age has been frequently regarded as a contributor to range size in previous studies on range size, but this has rarely been specifically examined. Using global data from four living terrestrial vertebrate classes (birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians) as a case study, we examine how species range size might be related to species age at a global scale. We found statistically significant positive, albeit weak, species age–range size relationships for all four species groups. However,...

The geographical exchange of non-native species can be highly asymmetrical, with some world regions donating or receiving more species than others. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain such asymmetries, including differences in propagule pressure, source species (invader) pools, environmental features in recipient regions, or biological traits of invaders. We quantified spatiotemporal patterns in the exchange of non-native insects between Europe, North America, and Australasia, and then tested possible explanations for these patterns based on regional trade (import values) and...