Treesearch

What are some key drivers for woodworkers in construction-based sectors, and the investments being made to advance their capabilities?For perspective, the total value of U.S. private construction was $1.65 trillion in 2025, down 2.6% from 2024 based on U.S. Census Bureau figures. This was driven by declines in all sectors except residential improvements. Specifically, 2025 spending decreased for single-family housing (-3.4%), multi-family construction (-9.1%), and nonresidential construction (-3.2%). In contrast, spending on repair and remodeling increased by 1.2%.The number of single-famil...

National Grasslands offer a variety of ecosystem services that benefit visitors and must be managed to ensure sustained yield. However, a paucity of visitor use management research in National Grasslands has limited the advancement of knowledge about these areas. This exploratory study used a mixed methodology with two connected phases to better understand visitor experiences, perceptions, and enjoyment at Cimarron National Grassland. A survey instrument was constructed with information gathered by semi-structured interviews with managers. The survey was distributed online through the...

Evapotranspiration (ET), the core of ecohydrology, represents a major component of an ecosystem’s water and energy budget, reflecting multiple biophysical processes in the Earth system. This flux represents the sum of evaporation from soil and plant surface, water bodies, and plant transpiration. Accurately quantifying ET at multiple scales is increasingly recognized to be critical for water resource management and sustainable agriculture under a changing climate.

According to the Köppen climate classification, a temperate climate (C) has a mean air temperature between −3 °C and 18 °C in the coldest month, warm summers, cold winters, and intermediate levels of precipitation. The temperate climate zone represents about 18% of the Earth’s total land area. It is also home to most of the human population with its land use dominated by agricultural crops (43%) and forests (33%) (www.esa‑landcover‑cci.org). Forests are an established part of the history and culture of the temperate zone.

Agroforestry is broadly defined as a land use system that deliberately combines trees and/or shrubs (hereafter ‘trees’ for brevity) with crops and/or livestock to produce multiple benefits. Agroforestry has been practiced by Indigenous and other traditional cultures over millennia and remains prevalent today, especially in tropical regions. More recently, agroforestry has been promoted globally as a climate smart strategy for sustainable food production that maintains or enhances ecosystem services, including hydrological service. Agroforestry can be inte-grated with ecological restoration...

Study region: The Pearl River Basin (PRB) in South ChinaStudy focus: Understanding impacts of climate and land use changes on terrestrial water-carbon balance is critical for sustainable water-land management and climate change adaptation. Yet attributing responses to individual drivers remains challenging. We develop an integrated modeling framework to quantify contributions of changes in climate and land use and their offsetting effects on key ecohydrological fluxes. New hydrological insights for the region: In the PRB, we evaluate water and carbon flux responses to climate (precipitation...

The influence of Leptographium terebrantis stem infection on constitutive and induced oleoresin and soluble phenolics in terminal shoots was assessed in a Pinus taeda plantation using three inoculum densities. The pathogen causes wilt disease by invading and colonizing root xylem tissues. We observed three levels of P. taeda defense in response to L. terebrantis during a two-year period interrupted by drought. Normal carbon allocation to growth was maintained and constitutive oleoresin production was observed at low and medium inoculum densities, with oleoresin induction observed among the...

Climate change and increases in the frequency and severity of climate-driven wildfires, particularly in the western United States, has serious ramifications for enhanced downwind reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions, deposition, and critical load exceedances. Here we present a multi-decadal (2002−2021), harmonized model-data-driven study using the George Mason University North American Chemical Reanalysis (NACR) system and simulations including both “with-fire” and “without-fire” conditions to quantify the change in trends of fire activity and source contributions to total Nr emissions and...

Insect defoliation outbreaks are dynamic forest disturbances that alter species composition and carbon balance. In the Central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A., the invasive spongy moth (SM, Lymantria dispar L., formerly called gypsy moth) has been spreading and impacting oak forests for 45 years, yet much about how its outbreaks compound the effects of native defoliator inhabitants remains unknown. We developed a model to simulate insect defoliation and project long-term consequences on forest biomass and composition. The model incorporates outbreak spatial dynamics derived from Landsat data...

Forest succession, or ecosystem process models, can aid in many land management decisions as they inherently incorporate ecological processes to predict how disturbances impact the resilience of the forest and its potential future structure. The landscape class of ecosystem process models are often ideal for management goals as they simulate individual tree species interactions through time at the landscape scale and offer a robust assortment of disturbance extensions. However, broad implementation and adoption are often limited as users must rebuild the landscape models for every new site...