Treesearch

Riverine water flows both above the streambed and within the porous sediment surrounding rivers (Nagaoka and Ohgaki, 1990; Mendoza and Zhou, 1992), ubiquitously entering and exiting the permeable streambed and banks as the flow moves downstream (Boano et al., 2014). This interstitial movement of riverine water is called hyporheic flow and forms a saturated volume of sediment surrounding alluvial rivers that is termed the hyporheic zone (Fig. 3.1A) (Gooseff, 2010). The extent of the hyporheic zone can be defined through biological, geochemical, or hydraulic means and is a transitional area...

The Bridger-Teton National Forest (BTNF) in western Wyoming comprises over 3.4 million acres of public land. This rich and diverse landscape borders Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks and includes the headwaters of the Green, Snake, and Yellowstone Rivers. Robust and diverse partnerships are needed to steward this landscape on behalf of the American public. Currently, these partnerships are not systematically tracked or available as a dataset. The Bridger-Teton Planning Team identified the following priorities for partnership planning: (a) accelerate progress toward forest planning...

Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savana, Vieillot 1808) is an easily recognized, widespread inhabitant of grassland and open terrain throughout its extensive range from southern Mexico south to Argentina. In the Caribbean, although sightings are fluid and can increase daily on some islands, especially those close to source continents and during peak migration, its numbers have continued to increase over a 19-yr period in the Caribbean Basin (2002–2021). We report a 2018 sighting of a vagrant Forktailed Flycatcher in the Dominican Republic’s capital city of Santo Domingo. Our recent...

Quasistatic nanoindentation is a proven tool that provides information on the micromechanical behavior of wood cell walls. However, quasistatic tests cannot probe the time-dependent mechanical behavior shown by wood. Nanoindentation dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) can measure the viscoelastic properties of wood cell walls. This research aimed to study the quasistatic and viscoelastic properties of individual radiata pine wood (Pinus radiata D. Don) cell wall layers. To minimize variability and retrieve both properties at the same locations, a load function composed of a multiload-quas...

Horizontal wood diaphragm systems, whether decked with conventional or mass timber panels, transfer wind and seismic loads to vertical elements of a lateral force-resisting system (LFRS), in flexible, rigid, or semirigid fashion. Characterizing and calculating the resulting diaphragm deflections determines the distribution of forces to critically loaded components and a significant portion of lateral building translations and rotations. Deflection equations for sheathed wood structural panel (WSP) diaphragms are well established in US design standards in a four-term expression that models...

Successful establishment of Pinus ponderosa seedlings in the southwestern United States is often limited by stressful and harsh site conditions related to drought severity and severe disturbances such as wildfire and mining operations. Seedling quality has an important influence on outplanting performance, but nursery practices that typically employ optimal growing environments may also be limiting seedling morphological and physiological performance on stressful outplanting sites. To address this, a study was established to test alterations in seedling characteristics subjected to...

The objective of this study was to assess the flexural and tensile properties of 702 pieces of No. 2 grade 2 by 6 southern pine lumber using nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques. Longitudinal and transverse vibration techniques were used to test each specimen. The mean dynamic modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction was 11,246 MPa, and the mean transverse vibration dynamic modulus of elasticity was 11,491 MPa. Proof-loading bending tests were conducted on each specimen. The mean bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) was 10,615 MPa. Each specimen was then destructively tested...

Deposition of small adhesive particles, called microstickies, onto pulp processing equipment and paper machines causes quality and operational problems for recycling mills. The factors that control deposition of microstickies onto surfaces of metal parts remain unclear. In this work, aluminum surfaces with a range of surface roughness were exposed to slurries containing microstickies. The deposition results showed that flat surfaces promote the aggregation and deposition of microstickies particles. Uneven surfaces tended to favor deposition of smaller microstickies, 0.2–1 μm, which may be...

This study proposes an efficient biorefining strategy for co-producing of bioethanol, furfural, and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from birch wood based on acid hydrotropic fractionation. Birch was fractionated into glucan-rich washed water-insoluble solids (WIS) fraction and xylose-rich spent liquor (SL) fraction with a low p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) concentration of 15% (w/v). The obtained WIS was utilized to produce 75.5 g/L ethanol (76.3% ethanol yield based on initial sugars in the enzymatic hydrolysate) through separate hydrolysis and fermentation. Meanwhile, the xylose-rich SL was...